摘 要

静电纺丝技术能够有效制备微纳米至纳米级纤维，原料来源广泛，可以连续制备纳米纤维，过程简单、快速。本论文主要研究静电纺SiO₂纳米纤维膜的制备及表征。SiO₂纳米纤维膜具有极小的孔径，其在空气净化等方面有着极重要的应用。

本文采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）和正硅酸乙酯（TEOs）的混和溶液进行静电纺丝，从而得到SiO₂/PVA杂化膜。对杂化膜真空干燥、锻烧后得到SiO₂纳米纤维膜。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征纤维膜的微观结构，SiO₂纳米纤维的直径随着PVA质量浓度的增加而增大，且薄膜具有无纺布的形态特征；气通量和孔径测量仪表征SiO₂纳米纤维膜的透气量和孔径分布，气通量和平均孔径都随PVA质量浓度的增加而增大；运用XRD对SiO₂纳米纤维膜表征，从所得图中得出其晶体结构的类型及所含成分；分别对SiO₂纳米纤维膜煅烧前后热重分析，SiO₂纳米纤维膜能够承受1000 ℃的高温且稳定性好；截留率试验用来测试SiO₂纳米纤维膜对空气中PM_2.5的捕获能力，SiO₂纳米纤维膜过滤粒径500 nm的Al₂O₃纳米颗粒，10 wt %PVA的SiO₂纤维膜的过滤效率达99.9 %（压降20 Pa)。

关键词：静电纺丝 SiO₂纳米纤维膜 聚乙烯醇 正硅酸乙酯

Preparation of Nanofiber Membrane and Its Air Purification Performance

ABSTRACT

Electrostatic spinning technology can effectively prepare micro-nano to nano-fiber, a wide range of raw materials, can be continuously prepared nanofibers, the process is simple and fast. This paper mainly studies the preparation and characterization of electrospinning SiO2 nanofiber membrane. SiO2 nanofiber membrane has a very small pore size, its air purification and so has a very important application.

In this paper, electrospinning was carried out using a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethyl orthosilicate (TEOs) to obtain SiO2 / PVA hybrid film. The hybrid film was vacuum dried and calcined to obtain SiO2 nanofiber membrane. The microstructures of the fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The diameter of the SiO2 nanofibers increased with the increase of the PVA mass concentration, and the films had the morphological characteristics of the nonwoven fabrics. The gas flux and pore size The air permeability and pore size distribution, air flux and average pore size of the fiber membrane increased with the increase of the PVA mass concentration. The morphology of the crystal structure and the composition of the SiO2 nanofiber membrane were obtained by XRD. The SiO2 nanofiber membrane was able to withstand the high temperature of 1000 ℃ and the stability was good. The rejection test was used to test the ability of SiO2 nanofiber membrane to capture PM2.5 in air. The SiO2 nanometer fiber membrane was able to withstand the high temperature and stability of SiO2 nanofiber membrane. The filtration efficiency of SiO2 fiber membrane with particle size of 500 nm and 10 wt% PVA was 99.9% (pressure drop of 20 Pa).

Keywords: Electrospinning; SiO2 nanofiber membrane;PVA;TEOs

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 背景 1

1.1.1 纳米材料的定义 1

1.1.2 纳米材料的特性 1

1.1.3 纳米材料的制造方法 2

1.2 静电纺丝技术 2

1.2.1 静电纺丝技术的发展 2

1.2.2 静电纺丝技术原理 2

1.2.3 静电纺丝的基本参数及影响 3

1.3 本课题研究的目标、意义和内容 4

1.3.1 研究目标 4

1.3.1 研究意义 4

1.3.2 研究内容 5

1.3.3 研究方法 5

第二章 实验方法 6

2.1 二氧化硅纳米纤维膜的制备 6

2.1.1 高分子及盐类的选取 6

2.1.2 实验试剂和仪器 6

2.1.3 实验过程 7

2.2 纳米纤维膜的净化PM_2.5性能试验 8

2.2.1 实验方法 8

2.2.2 数据分析方法 9

第三章 实验结果与讨论 10

3.1 SiO₂纳米纤维的结构与纤维直径分析 10

3.2 SiO₂纳米纤维膜的孔径分析 11

3.3 SiO₂纳米纤维膜的XRD表征 11

3.4 SiO₂纳米纤维膜的TG表征 12

3.5 纳米纤维膜的净化PM_2.5性能测试 13

3.6 气通量测试 14

第四章 结论 16

参考文献 17

致谢 19

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