不同情景模式下船舶航行风险场探讨毕业论文
2021-12-13 20:17:45
论文总字数:18810字
摘 要
目前在我国的运输行业中,航运行业市场占据了我国经济的相当大的比重,同时在这样的背景下,在海上通航中也出现了许多意外,所以船舶航行安全也越来越受到人们的关注。
直到今天,解决船舶航行风险问题也是航海人致力攻破的一个难题,本文希望通过研究一些关于船舶航行风险场的内容来给保障船舶航行安全提供一些新的思路和措施。主要内容有:第一步首先通过研究场的定义和属性,然后比较场与航行风险场的属性,接着比较行车风险场与航行风险场的属性,最后解释风险的定义从而建立起船舶风险场的概念。第二步研究不同情景模式下的船舶航行风险场,首先研究天气影响因素对船舶航行风险场的不同影响,接着对碰撞性质的船舶航行风险场进行不同的方式判断,比如利用通航条件进行计算判断是否具有搁浅危险、触顶危险。在航行风险场作为一个矢量场时,利用DCPA、TCPA判断船舶航行中与其它碍航物的碰撞危险程度与紧迫程度。将船舶航行风险场当作一个人工势场时,利用势场法中的排斥势函数、吸引势函数来阐述船舶与碍航物、目的地之间的势。再者对不同会遇局面下的船舶航行风险分布进行分析,最后对混合性质的危险场进行初步的探讨。第三步,打算制定船舶航行风险场的预警条件与避险方案,首先根据不同性质的航行风险场制定预警条件,接着对船舶航行中可能遇到的情况提出避险方案,比如能见度不良的预防方案、船舶碰撞预防与避让方案、不同船舶领域间段对应的避碰策略等。
关键词:船舶航行风险场;DCPA、TCPA;势场法;
Abstract
At present, in the transportation industry of our country, the shipping industry market occupies a considerable proportion of our economy. At the same time, in this context, there are many accidents in the sea navigation, so the safety of ship navigation is also more and more concerned by people.
Until now, it is also a difficult problem that navigators are trying to solve. This paper hopes to provide some new ideas and measures to ensure the safety of ship navigation by studying some contents about the risk field of ship navigation. The main contents are as follows: the first step is to establish the concept of ship risk field by studying the definition and attributes of field, then comparing the attributes of field and navigation risk field, then comparing the attributes of driving risk field and navigation risk field, finally explaining the definition of risk. The second step is to study the risk field of ship navigation under different scenarios. Firstly, the different effects of weather factors on the risk field of ship navigation are studied. Then, the risk field of ship navigation with collision nature is judged in different ways, such as using navigation conditions to calculate and judge whether there is a risk of grounding or touching the top. When the navigation risk field is regarded as a vector field, DCPA and TCPA are used to judge the collision risk and urgency between the ship and other obstacles. When the ship navigation risk field is regarded as a human potential field, the potential between the ship and the obstacles and the destination is described by using the repulsion potential function and the attraction potential function in the potential field method. Furthermore, the risk distribution of ship navigation in different situations is analyzed. Finally, the risk field of mixed nature is discussed. The third step is to formulate the early warning conditions and the avoidance plan of the ship's navigation risk field. First, the early warning conditions are formulated according to the different nature of the navigation risk field, and then the avoidance plan is proposed for the situations that the ship may encounter in the navigation, such as the prevention plan of poor visibility, the collision prevention and avoidance plan of the ship, the collision avoidance strategy corresponding to different ship fields, etc.
Key words: Risk field of ship navigation, DCPA、TCPA,Potential field method.
目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究的目的及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究情况 2
第二章 船舶航行风险场的建立 3
2.1 场的定义、属性 3
2.2 船舶航行风险场的定义与性质 3
2.2.1 风险的定义与船舶航行风险场的定义 3
2.2.2 场与航行风险场的比较 4
2.2.3 行车风险场与航行风险场的比较 4
2.2.4 航行风险场的分布 5
第三章 不同情景模式下的船舶航行风险场 6
3.1 天气影响性质船舶风险场 6
3.1.1天气因素影响 6
3.2碰撞危险性质船舶危险场 6
3.2.1通航条件判断 6
3.2.2 DCPA、TCPA判断 7
3.2.3 势场法、排斥势函数、吸引势函数 7
3.3不同会遇局面下船舶航行风险的分布 9
3.4对混合性质的危险场进行初步探讨 10
第四章 关于制定船舶航行风险场的预警条件与避险技术方案 11
4.1 制定不同性质的船舶危险场的预警条件 11
4.1.1 天气风险场预警 11
4.1.2 碰撞风险场预警 12
4.2 关于船舶航行中避险的方案 12
4.2.1 能见度不良情况下的预防方案 13
4.2.2 船舶碰撞危险情况的预防与避让方案 13
4.2.3 不同船舶领域的间段对应的避碰策略 14
第五章 总结与展望 16
参考文献 18
致 谢 19
第一章 绪论
本章介绍探讨不同情景模式下船舶航行风险场的目的和意义,通过对国内外研究情况的分析来进一步说明探究船舶航行风险场的必要性。
研究的目的及意义
我国的运输行业中,航运行业占据着很大的比重,我国的水路运输货物中以各类原材料、可用能源、外贸商品等货物为主。到2019年长江干线完成货物通过量29.3亿吨,长江早已成为占据世界运送量最大的通航河流。在航运业发达之余,也发生了一些海上意外,例如2009年6月20号,2万吨货船“苏福”轮与15万吨级散货船“港星”轮在天津港10万吨级外锚地相撞,过程中两船的最DCPA(最小会遇距离)和TCPA(到达最小会遇距离的最小会遇时间)迅速减小,而且当时锚地的空间已经无法满足避让需求,所以导致最终两船相撞。由于出现了这些意外事故,国内研究人员越来越重视关于各种通航环境下的安全问题,并且对不同的船舶碰撞事故进行研究,对船舶本身的操作性能进行研发改进,对驾驶人员的各项素质进行研究并提出要求,同时更是致力于海洋上不同环境下的船舶操纵安全研究。
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