论文总字数：19832字

摘 要

港作拖轮作为协助大型化船舶靠、离、移泊的重要辅助工具，其资源的合理利用以及合理配置是每个港口所需要考虑的重点。港口必须配备有足够功率和数量的拖轮来保证船舶进出港能及时得到拖轮的协助。影响港口经济效益因素众多，如果拖轮数量较少，会导致船舶之间泊位竞争激烈，降低港口吸引力；如果拖轮数量较多，会导致拖轮闲置，造成资源的浪费。所以，我们需要一个合理的拖力估算公式来确定配备拖轮的总功率和数量。本文以钦州港为例，首先介绍了钦州港的基本概况，对钦州港的水文因素、航道情况等进行了论述；其次在考虑了特定的风动力系数、风舷角、水线上的船体正面积和侧面积以及船舶吃水等因素，建立了基于风作用力下的大型油船拖轮配备计算模型；在考虑了水动力系数、水动力角、水对于船的流速等因素，建立了基于流作用下的大型油船拖轮配备计算模型；之后在同时考虑了上述两种情况下，建立了基于风流合作用下的大型油船拖轮配备模型。最后通过对模型以钦州港为例进行了实例计算，从而对钦州港大型油船的拖轮马力的合理配备提供了理论依据和决策支持。

关键词：风流作用；大型油轮；船舶操纵；拖轮马力

Abstract

As an important auxiliary tool to assist large-sized ships to berth，leave and shift，the rational utilization and allocation of tug resources are the key points to be considered in every port.The port must be equipped with sufficient power and quantity of tugboats to ensure that the ships can get timely assistance from the tugboats in and out of port.There are many factors affecting the economic benefits of port.If the number of tugboats is small,the competition for berths between ships will be fierce,which will reduce the attractiveness of ports;If the number of tugboats is large,it will lead to idle tugboats,resulting in a waste of resources.Therefore,we need a reasonable calculation formula of drag force to determine the total power and quantity of equipped tugs.Taking Qinzhou port as an example, this paper first introduces it’s basic situation,and then discusses the hydrological factors and waterway environment of it. Secondly, considering the specific factors such as wind force coefficient, wind side angle,hull positive area and side area on waterline and ship draft, the calculation model of large oil tanker tugboat allocation based on the wind force is established；Considering the hydrodynamic coefficient, hydrodynamic angle and the velocity of water to the ship, the calculation model of large oil tanker tugboat arrangement based on the flow is established. And then, considering the above two conditions, the large oil tanker tugboat fitting model based on wind and flow cooperation is established. Finally, by taking Qinzhou port as an example, the model is calculated, so as to provide theoretical basis and decision support for the rational allocation of tug horsepower of large oil tankers in Qinzhou port.

Key word：The action of wind and flow；Large oil tankers；Ship maneuvering；Tug horsepower

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 1

1.3 国内外研究现状 1

1.3.1 国内研究现状 1

1.3.2 国外研究现状 2

1.4 研究内容 3

第2章 钦州港概况 4

2.1 钦州港气象 4

2.2 钦州港水文 5

2.3 钦州港通航环境 7

2.3.1 航道 7

2.3.2 锚地 7

2.3.3 拖轮 9

第3章 基于风流作用下的大型油船拖轮配备数学模型的建立 10

3.1 风作用力数学模型建立 10

3.2 流作用力数学模型建立 11

3.3 风流合作用数学模型建立 12

第4章 钦州港大型油船拖轮配备计算 13

4.1 油船船型尺度 13

4.2 典型计算工况 13

4.2.1 风况选取 13

4.2.2 流况选取 13

4.3 实例计算 13

4.3.1 风作用力实例计算 13

4.3.2 流作用力实例计算 15

4.3.3 风流合作用力实例计算 16

4.4 计算结果分析 17

第5章 结论与展望 20

5.1 结论 20

5.2 展望 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 23

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景

钦州港位于北部湾北部的钦州湾内，是我国国家级经济技术开发区和西南省区的重要港口和主要出海口，同时也是我国大西南、湘西、鄂西地区通往东南亚的最便捷的出海通道。作为广西省的重要港口，钦州港是21世纪海上丝绸之路与丝绸之路经济带有机衔接的重要门户，也是“一带一路”建设的主力军和排头兵。因此加快钦州港大型化、集约化、信息化的发展，达成港口、产业、城市互动快速发展，初步达成亿吨大港，国际航运、物流高度发达，建设现代化国际大港的目标势在必行。

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