论文总字数：18021字

摘 要

为满足涂料业及涂装工艺的需求，国内外均加强了对环保、无公害的新型防腐涂料的研究工作，在达到传统防腐涂料的防腐性能和满足涂装工艺需求的同时，寻求性能更强、成本更低的新型防腐涂料已成共识。传统防腐涂料中醇酸甲板漆、酚醛甲板漆、环氧甲板漆应用较为广泛，它们都具有良好的基本物理化学抗性，但醇酸甲板漆干燥较慢、耐磨性一般且涂膜不易达到较高的要求；酚醛甲板漆容易变黄，不宜制成浅色漆、耐候性不好。新型防腐涂料在传统涂料的基础之上做了进一步的改进，在传统涂料的基础之上加入新型材料或者使之改性得到了新型环保无污染材料。水性富锌铝涂层具有良好的物理屏蔽性和抗冲击性；低表面能氟、硅改性的树脂防污涂料具有高抑菌性；纳米ZrO₂复合水性环氧锌铝涂层有良好的自修复功能及屏蔽性。

本研究以广泛搜集和分析国内外常用船舶涂料和目前的船舶涂装工艺为基础，结合对新型涂料、涂装工艺的调研成果，以及油轮上甲板对涂料和涂装工艺的特殊需求，详细分析比对了国内外几种涂料的不同特性。在此基础上推荐了可行的油轮上甲板涂料选型，并对修造船期间涂装工艺中存在的不足提出了解决方案，提供一定的参考。

关键词：油轮；上甲板区域；涂料；选择；

ABSTRACT

In order to meet the needs of the coating industry and coating process, the research work on environmental friendly and pollution-free new anti-corrosion coating has been strengthened at home and abroad. It has become a consensus to seek new anti-corrosion coating with stronger performance and lower cost while meeting the requirements of traditional anti-corrosion coating and coating process. Alkyd deck paint, phenolic deck paint and epoxy deck paint are widely used in the traditional anti-corrosion coatings. They all have good basic physical and chemical resistance, but alkyd deck paint is slow in drying, general in wear resistance and the coating film is not easy to meet the higher requirements; phenolic deck paint is easy to turn yellow, which is not suitable for light color paint and poor in weather resistance. The new anticorrosive coating is further improved on the basis of the traditional coating. The new environmental friendly and pollution-free material is obtained by adding or modifying the new material on the basis of the traditional coating. The water-based zinc-rich aluminum coating has good physical shielding and impact resistance; the resin antifouling coating modified by fluorine and silicon with low surface energy has high antibacterial property; the nano ZrO₂ composite water-based epoxy zinc aluminum coating has good self-healing function and shielding property.

Based on the extensive collection and analysis of the common marine coatings and the current marine coating process at home and abroad, this study combined with the research results of the new coating and coating process, as well as the special requirements of the coating and coating process on the upper deck of oil tanker, analyzed and compared the different characteristics of several domestic and foreign coatings in detail. On the basis of this, a feasible type selection of paint for deck on oil tanker is recommended, and a solution to the defects in painting process is proposed to provide some references.

Key Words: oil tanker; upper deck area; coating; selection;

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究的目的及研究意义 1

1.1国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1国内外船用涂料研究现状 1

1.2.2 国内外涂装工艺研究现状 1

1.3 本文的研究内容 3

1.3.1 主要研究内容 3

1.3.2 技术路线 3

第二章 油轮上甲板区域概述 5

2.1 上甲板区域的基本特点 5

2.2 上甲板区域防腐的必要性 5

2.3 船舶常用涂装方式 6

2.4 本章小结 6

第三章 船舶常用防腐涂料 8

3.1 涂料的主要成分及其特性 8

3.1.1 涂料的主要成分 8

3.1.2 涂料的特性 9

3.2 船舶常用涂料及其特点 10

3.2.1 酚醛甲板漆 10

3.2.2 醇酸甲板漆 10

3.2.3 环氧甲板漆 11

3.3 本章小结 12

第四章 新型防腐涂料及其特点 13

4.1 水性富锌铝涂层 13

4.2 低表面能氟、硅改性的树脂防污涂料 13

4.3 纳米ZrO₂复合水性环氧锌铝涂层 13

4.4 本章小结 14

第五章 油轮上甲板区域涂料的选择与搭配 15

5.1 涂料的选择与搭配 15

5.2 本章小结 15

第六章 结论与展望 17

6.1 研究结论 17

6.2 展望 17

参考文献 18

致 谢 19

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究目的及研究意义

船舶涂料是覆盖于船舶或者其他海上结构物表面，防止各种介质腐蚀及满足其他需求的统称。

油轮属于危险品运输船舶，满载吃水较深，甲板易上浪，基于这些特殊性，使得其上甲板涂料除了具备应有的防滑性能外，还必须具备应对恶劣海洋环境和其他特殊状况的能力：抗腐蚀、耐磨擦、抗冲击和较强的附着能力、耐火阻燃、抗静电、抗紫外线辐射等，这对油轮上甲板专用涂料提出了更高的要求。涂装工艺是保障船舶安全航行的前提，常用船舶涂装方式都不可避免的存在涂料的挥发或者飞散等问题，挥发或者飞散出来的涂料会导致涂装人员身体受到伤害，存在一定的安全隐患。

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