论文总字数：26246字

摘 要

电力是一个国家最基础的公共设施，从中国第一核电站“华龙一号”加入法国EPR和美国AP1000等在建的第三代核电技术俱乐部，核电已经领跑在前，继长江三峡水电站建成，新能源电力更是得到国家大力支持，海上风电无疑是线代新能源电力输出重点项目，欧洲风能协会最新发布的海上风能报告显示欧洲新增502台风力发电机组，其中已有10并网的海上风电项目，新增的装机容量高达3627MW，平均每组风力大电机达到7.8MW，新的风电项目更在他国展开，投资达60亿，1.4GW的装机容量，即将在未来几年建成。我国海岸线长达18000公里，岛屿更达6000个，近海的风能资源相当丰富，风能密度高达300w/m³，根据我国《风电发展“十三五”规划》，在此期间我国将积极推进海上风电建设，到2020年我国沿海四省（江苏，浙江，福建，广东）的海上风电建设规模均达到百万千瓦以上，积极带动河北，上海，天津，海南省的海上风电建设，再进一步探索辽宁，广西，山东等地的海上风电项目^[18]。但海上风电项目远离陆地，投资和风险都远高于陆地新能源建设，无论是从基础建设（1政治险，2投资风险，3法律法规风险，4自然灾害），设备人员运维，海上航行安全管理各方面存在难点。

风电场对于航道通航船舶，应对海上升压站，风电机建设助航设施进行配备，通过AIS虚拟航标技术与雷达反射技术，将风电场显示于附近通过船舶电子海图和雷达上，避免船舶驶入危险区域。风电企业与主管部门制定资源共享平台，应急公用平台，联合预警中心，共同完成海上应急资源调度，海上急救和巡查工作。风电企业与海事监管部门共建电子设备监控，定时信息播报与风电场远程电子巡查技术，共同搭建应急公用平台。不仅要从企业管理层面对风电项目的安全管理提出意见，还需要通过相应的技术手段来降低风险。从技术层面提出实践举措，并建立了相应的协同管控技术体系，响应风电场的动态风险评价，实现了风险的避免和缓解。

论文主要研究了风电场与通航船舶间，风电各场企业间，风电场企业与监管部门协同管控共建技术。

研究结果表明：通过协同管控技术，可以建立助航标志，共建互联网 风电场主动/被动碰撞平台，共建资源共享平台和应急平台，远程监控技术降低安全风险并能解决事故。

本文的特色：风电场与船舶之间，风电企业主体之间，风电企业与监管部门之间

协同共建平台/管控技术

关键词：海上风电；协同管控；技术要求；协同共建；

Abstract

The most basic public facility in a country is electricity. China's No.1 nuclear power plant "HUALONG No.1" has joined the third generation nuclear power technology club under construction such as EPR in France and AP1000 in the United States. Nuclear power has already led the way. Following the completion of the Three Gorges Hydro-power Station on the Yangtze River, new energy power has received strong support from the state. Offshore wind power is undoubtedly a key project for the export of new energy power from line generation. The latest offshore wind energy report released by the European Wind Energy Association shows that Europe has added 502 wind power generators, including 10 offshore wind power projects connected to the grid, with an added installed capacity of 3627MW, with an average of 7.8MW for each large wind power generator. New wind power projects have been launched in other countries with an investment of 6 billion and an installed capacity of 1.4GW, which will be completed in the next few years. China has a coastline of 18,000 kilometers and 6,000 islands. Offshore wind energy resources are quite abundant and the wind energy density is as high as 300 W/m. According to China's "13th Five-Year Plan" for wind power development, China will actively promote the construction of offshore wind power during this period. By 2020, the scale of offshore wind power construction in the four coastal provinces (JIANGSU, ZHEJIANG, FUJIAN and GUANGDONG) will reach more than 1 million kilowatts, actively driving the construction of offshore wind power in HEBEI, Shanghai, Tianjin and HAINAN provinces, and further exploring offshore wind power projects in LIAONING, GUANGXI and SHANDONG. However, offshore wind power projects are far away from land, and their investment and risks are far higher than those of land-based new energy construction. No matter in terms of infrastructure construction (1 political risks, 2 investment risks, 3 legal and regulatory risks, 4 natural disasters), There are difficulties in operation and maintenance of equipment personnel and management of maritime navigation safety. The wind farm should be equipped with the navigation aid facilities built by the offshore booster station and the wind motor for navigation ships in the navigation channel. Through AIS virtual navigation mark technology and radar reflection technology, the wind farm should be displayed on the nearby electronic charts and radars of ships to prevent ships from entering dangerous areas. Wind power enterprises and competent departments shall formulate a resource sharing platform, an emergency public platform and a joint early warning center to jointly complete marine emergency resource dispatch, marine first aid and patrol work. Wind power enterprises and maritime regulatory authorities jointly build electronic equipment monitoring, regular information broadcasting and remote electronic inspection technology for wind farms to jointly build an emergency public platform. It is not only necessary to put forward opinions from the enterprise management on the safety management of wind power projects, but also to reduce risks through corresponding technical means. Practical measures are put forward from the technical level, and a corresponding cooperative management and control technical system is established to respond to the dynamic risk assessment of wind farms, thus avoiding and mitigating risks.

This paper mainly studies the technology of cooperative control and co-construction between wind farm and navigable ships, between wind farm enterprises, and between wind farm enterprises and regulatory authorities.

The research results show that through cooperative control technology, navigation aids can be established, active/passive collision platforms of internet plus wind farm can be constructed, resource sharing platforms and emergency platforms can be constructed, and remote monitoring technology can reduce safety risks and solve accidents.The characteristics of this paper are as follows: between wind farm and ship, between main body of wind power enterprise, between wind power enterprise and supervision department Co-construction of Platform/Control Technology

Key words:Offshore wind power; Cooperative control; Technical requirements;Co-construction；

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 2

1.3 研究内容及路线 2

第2章 风电场与航道通航船舶协同管控技术 3

2.1 助导航设施的配备 3

2.1.1 海上升压站 3

2.1.2 海上风力发电机组 3

2.1.3 固定助航标志 3

2.1.4 配置遥测遥控系统 4

2.2 风电水域岸基安全风险预警预控系统 4

2.3 AIS虚拟航标技术 6

2.3.1 关键技术 6

2.3.2 技术要求 7

2.4 雷达反射装置配备 7

2.4.1 关键技术 7

2.4.2 技术要求 8

2.5 基于互联网 的海上风电工程主动/被动防撞安全系统 8

2.5.1 关键技术 8

2.5.2 技术要求 10

第3章 风电责任主体间协同管控技术 12

3.1 企业协调互助机制 12

3.1.1 基于资源共享中的应急资源调度综合管理 12

3.1.2 资源共享的控制与协调 12

3.1.3 共享主体间的协调 13

3.1.4 资源共享的实现与内容 14

3.2 联合预警和急救中心 14

3.3 应急公用平台的共建 15

3.4 风电场远程电子巡检技术 16

第4章 责任主体与监管主体协同管控技术 18

4.1 电子监控设备的配备 18

4.1.1 技术关键 18

4.1.2 技术要求 19

4.2 定时信息播报 19

4.3 运维管理平台的共建 20

4.4 水上临时救助点的联建 21

第5章 结论与展望 23

5.1 结论 23

5.2 展望 23

致谢 23

参考文献 23

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