摘 要

Abstract 2

1.风险预防原则概述 3

1.1风险预防原则概况 3

1.1.1风险预防原则的法律涵义 3

1.1.2风险预防原则的发展 4

1.2风险预防原则产生的背景及法理基础 4

1.2.1风险预防原则产生的背景 5

1.2.2风险预防原则的法理基础 5

2. 风险预防原则的核心要素 7

2.1严重的或不可逆转的威胁 7

2.2科学上的不确定性 8

2.3符合本国能力范围内的成本效益 8

3. 主要西方国家对风险预防原则的立场 10

3.1法国的立场 10

3.2美国的立场 10

3.3德国的立场 12

3.4加拿大的立场 13

4. 风险预防原则的法律地位 14

4.1观点一：风险预防原则已经发展成为国际习惯法的基本原则 14

4.2观点二：风险预防原则不是国际习惯法的基本原则 14

4.3观点三：风险预防原则是正在形成之中的国际习惯法的基本原则 15

5. 风险预防原则在中国环境法中的适用 18

5.1风险预防原则在中国立法中的体现 18

5.2风险预防原则在中国环境法实践存在的问题 19

5.3风险预防原则在中国的完善 20

结语 21

参考文献 22

摘 要

经济社会的飞速发展在给人类带来巨大利益的同时，人类也面临着科技带来的诸多环境挑战。人类只有一个地球，我们共处于同一个世界。随着环境危机的日益加重，国际社会把目光从解决已经产生的环境问题转移到预防环境危机上来。风险预防原则就是在此种理念的指导下，为了处理尚未产生的的环境风险而引入的一项法律原则。风险预防原则的核心精神就是当存在不确定的环境风险时，即使缺乏明确的科学证据，也须采取相应措施来阻止环境危害。论文共分为五部分，现分析如下：

论文第一部分对环境法中的风险预防原则进行了概述，介绍了风险预防原则的法律涵义、产生背景及发展过程；第二部分分析了风险预防原则的核心要素；第三部分是探讨主要西方国家对风险预防原则的态度，梳理了其环境法律对于风险预防原则的体现；第四部分主要分析了风险预防原则的国际法律地位，探讨了了对其持有不同意见的学者的观点；第五部分则是关于风险预防原则与中国的联系。主要分析了中国国内立法中有关该原则的体现和该原则在中国实践中所存在的一系列问题，并就这些问题在中国的完善提出来相应的建议。

文章通过文献分析与整理，对风险预防原则的理论知识进行了一个全新的梳理，明白了其基本构架和相应的实践状况。虽然国际社会对环境法中的风险预防原则的某些方面尚未达成共识，但是该原则在实践中会不断地发展前进。由于环境问题的共性，我国环境法也需要引入风险预防原则来应对环境危机，但其在我国完善的历程不会是一帆风顺的。

关键词：国际环境法 ； 风险预防原则 ； 环境危机

Abstract

While Rapid economic and social development bring great benefits to human beings, human beings also face many environmental challenges brought by science and technology. There is only one earth, and we are all in the same world. With the aggravation of the environmental crisis, the international community has shifted its attention from solving the environmental problems that have arisen to preventing the environmental crisis. The principle of risk prevention is a legal principle introduced under the guidance of this concept to deal with the environmental risks that have not yet occurred. The paper is divided into five parts. The analysis is as follows:

The first part of this paper summarizes the precautionary principle in environmental law, introduces the legal meaning, background and development process of the principle. The second part analyzes the core elements of the precautionary principle. The third part is to explore the attitudes of major western countries to precautionary principle, and sort out the embodiment of precautionary principle in their environmental laws. The fourth part mainly analyzes the international legal status of the precautionary principle and discusses the views of scholars who hold different opinions on it. The fifth part is about the relationship between the precautionary principle and China. Mainly analyzed the Chinese domestic legislation related to embody the principle and the principle of a series of problems existing in China's practice, and the problems in the perfection of China put forward the corresponding Suggestions.

Through literature analysis and collation, this paper makes a new analysis of the theoretical knowledge of the precautionary principle, and makes clear its basic framework and corresponding practical situation. Although the international community has not yet reached consensus on precautionary principle in environmental law, it will develop continuously in practice. Due to the common nature of environmental problems, China's environmental law also needs to introduce precautionary principle to deal with the environmental crisis, but its introduction and improvement in China will not be smooth sailing.

Key Words: international environmental law ; precautionary principle; environmental crisis