论文总字数：14099字

摘 要

覆判制度是清末司法改革过程中，因为司法制度建设的困境而采取的一种过渡性措施。清朝覆亡后，民国继续沿用这一制度，表明司法制度的环境并没有实质性的改善。民初对于覆判制度的沿用与完善，是司法史上值得关注的事件。根据审判类型的不同，覆判制度有不同的理解方式和制度解释，在性质和执行程序上，与现代中国刑事司法体系中的死刑复核程序异曲同工之用。死刑是最具威慑性、最严厉的惩罚，对于此种刑罚，我国向来是慎之又慎，乃至建立起一整套规范完整的死刑复核程序来对死刑案件进行严肃的规范。与之相类似的，清末的覆判制度在建立伊始，所针对的就是地方上被判处应当执行死刑的案件，直到民国时期才扩充为包括死刑、无期徒刑等在内的重大刑事犯罪案件的复核审查。本文中从覆判制度的产生背景、制度内容和历史资源及其启示等几个方面对民国覆判制度进行全面的研究，期以有益于为当前我国司法改革问题的思考提供些许历史性反思路径。

关键词：民国覆判制度 历史意义 司法体制改革 死刑复核制度

Study on the system of the death penalty review in the Republic of China

Abstract

The system of death penalty review system is a transitional measure because of the dilemma of the judicial system construction during the process of the judicial reform in the late Qing Dynasty.. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China continued to use this system, the judicial system and the environment showed no substantial improvement. For the use and improvement of the system of the death penalty review in the Republic of China, it is worthy of attention in the history of the event. Have according to the system of death penalty review system different ways of understanding and system to explain, in the execution of the program, and modern China's criminal justice system in the procedure for review of death sentence of similar. The death penalty is the most deterrent, the most severe punishment, for such punishment, in our country is always err on the side of caution, and establish a set of standard complete procedure for review of death sentence of death penalty cases of serious specification. Similar and, at the end of the Qing Dynasty of the system of the death penalty review in the Republic of China in the beginning of the establishment, the is the place was sentenced to death penalty shall be executed in the case, until the period of the Republic of China was expanded to include the death penalty and non imprisonment, major criminal cases review of the review.This paper from the overlying trial system of comprehensive study of the background, the system of content and historical resources and Its Enlightenment on the system of the death penalty review in the Republic of China, which will be helpful to provide some historical reflection path for thinking about the problems in current judicial reform in China.

Key Words: The system of the death penalty review in the Republic of China; Historical significance; Reform of the judicial system; Death penalty review system

目录

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

一、清末的覆判制度…………………………………………………………………………………1

（一）清末覆判制度的诞生 ………………………………………………………………………1

1.覆判制度诞生的背景………………………………………………………………………………1

2.覆判制度诞生的历史必然性…………………………………………………………………………1

（二）晚清覆判制度的历史作用 ………………………………………………………………………2

二、民国覆判的制度建设……………………………………………………………………………4

（一）民国初期的覆判制度 …………………………………………………………………4

（二）民国中后期的覆判制度 ………………………………………………………………5

三、覆判制度的传统资源……………………………………………………………………………8

（一）文化资源 ………………………………………………………………………………8

（二）制度资源 ………………………………………………………………………………8

四、覆判制度的现代启示……………………………………………………………………11

（一）审判独立与制度建设…………………………………………………………………11

（二）人权保障与死刑复核…………………………………………………………………12

结语 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………13

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………………14

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………15

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