食品安全法的免责条款适用毕业论文
2022-01-31 21:10:54
论文总字数:14561字
摘 要
2015年新通过的《中华人民共和国食品安全法》(以下简称食安法),为食品经营者量身定制了第一百三十六条免责条款:“食品经营者履行了本法规定的进货查验等义务,有充分证据证明其不知道所采购的食品不符合食品安全标准,并能如实说明其进货来源的,可以免予处罚,但应当依法没收其不符合食品安全标准的食品;造成人身、财产或者其他损害的,依法承担赔偿责任。”显然,这是立法的一次进化。在此条款规定下,对于经营不符合食品安全标准食品的经营者进行行政处罚时,应采取过错(推定)责任。可惜在实际的操作过程中,却面临着各种各样的难点。本文首先介绍免责条款的立法背景和概述,然后介绍免责条款适用的现状,进而结合我国国情,分析免责条款适用过程中的难点,最后提出食安法免责条款适用的建议。
关键词:食品安全法 免予处罚 免责条款适用
Application of exemption clauses in Food Safety Law
Abstract
The "Food Safety Law of the people's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as the Food Safety Law) adopted in 2015 has added an exemption clause-Article 136: "Food operators have fulfilled their obligations such as inspection of incoming goods as stipulated in this Law." Those who have sufficient evidence to prove that they do not know that the food purchased does not meet the food safety standards, and can truthfully explain the source of their purchases, may be exempted from punishment, but shall confiscate the food they do not meet the food safety standards in accordance with the law; If any person, property or other damage is caused, he shall be liable for compensation according to law. "this provision defines the principle of imputation of administrative penalties for operators operating food that does not meet food safety standards as liability for fault (presumption), which is undoubtedly a major step forward in legislation. However, in the actual operation process, it is facing a variety of difficulties. This paper first introduces the legislative background and overview of the exemption clause, then introduces the current situation of exemption clause application, then combined with the situation of our country, analyzes the difficulties in the application process of the exemption clause, and finally puts forward some suggestions for the application of the exemption clause in the food safety law.
Key Words: the Food Safety Law; Exemption from punishment; Exemption clause applicable
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目录 III
引言 1
一、食安法免责条款概述 2
(一)免责条款立法背景 2
(二)适用免责条款需符合的条件 2
1.适用的主体 2
2.履行法定的进货查验等义务 3
3.有充分证据证明其不知情 4
4.能如实说明其进货来源 4
(三)对于可以免予处罚的理解 4
1.经营者满足条件应免予处罚 4
2.可以免予处罚即能够免予处罚 5
二、免责条款适用的现状 7
(一)经营者未对食品标签进行查验被处罚 7
(二)经营者未对食品标签进行查验而免责 8
三、免责条款适用过程中面临的难点 11
(一)经营者履行进货查验义务难以界定 11
(二)证明所购食品不知情难度较大 11
(三)部分食品难以追根溯源 12
四、食安法免责条款适用的建议 13
(一)基本性义务 13
(二)普通性义务 13
(三)规范性义务 14
结语 15
参考文献 16
致谢 18
引言
史上最严的《食安法》在二零一五年国庆日开始施行。它不仅分别明确了每个环节食品安全责任的具体部门,而且专门为保健食品以及第三方食品监管量身定制了新增条款,反映出在全面建设社会主义现代化强国时期对于严格把关食品安全监管的决心,法出必行,食品安全大于天。
如果说法律是公平正义的最后底线,那么良法就是底线的标准。虽然该法律被称之为史上最严的食品安全法,但它为食品经营者新增了免责条款。这是规定食品经营者免予处罚的情形在《食安法》上的第一次体现,在食品安全监督体系更加严格的背景下让人眼前一亮,体现了新法刚柔并济的立法精神和科学严谨的立法态度。但在执法实践中,很少有案件能够适用到该条款,执法人员和学者中存在不少分歧,特别是关于“食品经营者履行了本法规定的进货查验等义务”中进货查验义务的判断上有不同见解。
我国食品监督和执法部门普遍对该免责条款的存在认识和理解上的误区,亟待改善。在上述背景下,立此命题。
请支付后下载全文,论文总字数:14561字