摘 要

数字网络技术弱化了音乐产业守门人的控制权，作品的传播与使用均呈现出去中心的趋势。区块链技术以去中心化共享总账，实现了音乐版权的权属自证和运营自治，将原本由中心机构行使的权利重新赋予了创作者。区块链能够强有力地证明作品的权属及流转过程，通过搭建灵活多样的授权许可方式，实现了权利人与消费者之间的直接交易并对作品使用情况予以有效监管，大幅降低了作品流转过程的搜寻、协商及监督成本。去中心化的版权运营路径，顺应了音乐市场对简化授权流程的产业需求，有利于拓展音乐作品的合法市场。但区块链在以代码形式执行当事人合意时遵守法律规范，需以私有链形式控制系统节点质量，实现第三方机构的监管。本文的创新工作如下：

首先，结合产业实践，总结音乐版权运营的现实困境和去中心尝试。在数字互联网环境下，音乐作品的传播脱离了中心式机构的控制，诱发了数目庞大、地域分散的盗版侵权行为。而权利人通过大量的诉讼和删除通知，唱片公司启动的全球曲目数据库都未能遏制去中心技术所造成的混乱，音乐产业的再中心尝试失败。但数字网络技术在带来困境的同时，也大幅降低作品的搜寻成本，为权利人控制其作品的使用和传播过程提供了技术可能。音乐版权运营从与传播失控的对抗开始，逐步选择适应去中心化的时代变革。

其次，结合实践项目，论证区块链技术实现音乐产业作品权属公开、交易程序透明、侵权追责精准的版权运营新路径。借助区块链技术，可以建立作品存储成本低的去中心化的音乐数据库。而区块链的“自证”功能，大幅简化了音乐作品的确权登记程序，为作品权属提供结论性证明。区块链的“自治”功能，则实现权利人与消费者之间点对点交易，大幅度降低交易成本，构建便捷透明的权利许可程序。区块链记录的数据不可篡改且可追溯，可以为司法取证提供了强大的技术保障和结论性证明，降低版权运营的事后监督成本。

最后，结合音乐产业的版权运营现状和区块链技术落地的障碍，提出了具体建议。针对音乐正版化与高版税的冲突，本文认为应采取区块链实现音乐平台与权利人直接交易，解决版权收益在资金传递过程中的无谓损耗，降低了制度运作成本。针对权利人自治与法律规则的衔接，除遵守法律规定的权利内容和行使规范外，应尊重代码规则对双方权利义务作出分配和规范，实现数字网络时代的音乐版权交易“双层规则”治理。针对去中化与第三方监管的权衡，本文认为应当采用区块链技术中私有链的具体路径，将区块链系统节点控制第三方机构形成的组织中，避免禁止出版和传播的音乐作品上传网络，但消费者可以便捷的读取数据或按预设方案进行交易。

关键词：区块链；音乐版权；版权运营；去中心化

Abstract

Abstract: The digital network technology weakens the control power of the music industry as a "gatekeeper" with a "decentralized" tendency of the dissemination and use of works. The blockchain technology realizes "the self-evidence of ownership" and "the autonomy of operation" by Distributed Ledger, once again endowing creators the rights originally exercised by central institutions. The blockchain can strongly evidence works' ownership and transfer process, realizing direct transactions between obliges and consumers and supervising the use of works effectively by establishing flexible and diverse licensing methods, thus diminishing the cost of search, negotiation and supervision to a large extent in the process of the transfer of works. The decentralized operation of works complies with the industrial need for simplified licensing process in the "copyrighted" music market , consequently contributing to the expansion of the legal market for music works.However, the blockchain must comply with legal regulations when executing "party consensual" in code form,control the system node quality in the form of "private chain",and realize the supervision of third-party institutions.

First of all, combined with industrial practice, this thesis summarizes the realistic predicament of music copyright operation and a “decentralized” choice. In the digital Internet environment, the dissemination of musical works has been decoupled from the control of central institutions and has induced a large number of geographically dispersed piracy violations. The rights holders through a large number of lawsuits and deletion notices, the record company launched the global repertoire database failed to curb the confusion caused by the decentralized technology, and the music industry's re-centered attempts failed. However, while digital network technology brings dilemma, it also drastically reduces the search cost of works, and provides technical possibilities for right owners to control the use and dissemination of their works. Music copyright operation starts with the confrontation of out-of-control and gradually chooses to adapt to the era of “decentralized”.

Secondly, united with practical projects, we will demonstrate that blockchain technology can achieve new copyright management operations with open ownership of music works, transparent trading procedures, and accurate infringement of copyright. With blockchain technology, a decentralized music database with low storage costs for works can be created. The "self-certification" function of the blockchain greatly simplifies the registration procedures for the right of musical works and provides conclusive evidence for the ownership of the works. The "autonomy" function of blockchains enables point-to-point transactions between right holders and consumers, dramatically reduces transaction costs, and establishes a convenient and transparent right licensing program. The data recorded by blockchain cannot be tampered with and traceable, which can provide a powerful technical guarantee and conclusive proof for judicial evidence collection and reduce the post-examination supervision costs of copyright operations.

Finally, combining with the current status of copyright operation in the music industry and the obstacles to the landing of blockchain technology, this thesis gives specific recommendations. In view of the conflict between genuine music and high royalties, this article argues that blockchain should be used to achieve direct trading between the music platform and right holders, to address the unnecessary loss of copyright revenue in the process of fund transfer, and to reduce the operating costs of the system. In order to link the autonomy of rights holders with legal rules, in addition to complying with the rights content and the exercise norms stipulated in the law, the code rules should respect the rights and obligations of both parties and ensure the realization of the “double-layer rule” of music copyright transactions in the digital network era. In view of the balance between “decentralized” and third-party supervision, this article believes that the specific path of private chain in blockchain technology should be adopted, blockchain system nodes should be controlled in organizations formed by third-party organizations, and uploading and dissemination of musical works should be avoided. Network, but consumers can easily read data or make transactions on preset schedules.

Key Words：Blockchain；digital music；copyright operation；decentralized

目 录

摘 要 I

目 录 III

第1章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1