论文总字数：20381字

摘 要

随着我国经济的快速发展，居民小区的规模不断扩大，人们对于进出的安全性的重视程度也随之增加。本文以RFID技术以及GPRS通信技术为基础，设计了刷卡式可对讲多功能门禁系统。本系统使用ID卡作为出入小区大门的钥匙，当大门无法打开时，可以与保卫处通话，小区保卫处人员可以远程为用户开门，非常安全且方便。

本文设计的多功能门禁系统有两个组成部分：大门处主机和保卫处分机。大门处主机主要负责小区人员的出入管理，使用ID卡刷卡即可开门，当卡片无效时，通过与保卫处分机通话，也可以请求开门，且用户的刷卡信息可以通过GPRS方式传至上位机。大门处主机主要由STM32最小系统、射频卡识别电路、GPRS通信电路、存储器电路、电机驱动电路和电源电路组成；保卫处分机主要负责与大门处主机通话。分机的功能较大门处主机简单的多，电路设计也相对简单。保卫处分机主要由STM32最小系统、GPRS通信电路以及电源电路组成。

经过软硬件联调，系统功能均能较好的实现，并且通过了老师的验收。

关键词：STM32F103C8T6 SIM800A 对讲门禁系统 射频识别技术

Multi-function Access Control System (Hardware Part)

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's economy, the scale of the residential area is constantly expanding, people pay more attention to the security of entry and exit. Based on RFID technology and GPRS communication technology, this paper designs a swipe card intercom multi-function access control system. This system use ID card as the key to enter and exit the community gate, when the door cannot be opened, you can talk with the security office, the community security office staff can open the door for users remotely, very safe and convenient.

The multi-function access control system designed in this paper has two components: the main machine at the gate and the extension of the security department. The main host at the gate is mainly responsible for the access management of the community personnel, the use of ID card swipe card can open the door, when the card is invalid, by talking with the indoor extension, also can request the door open, and the user's swipe card information can be transmitted to the top machine through GPRS. The host at the gate is mainly composed of STM32 minimum system, radio frequency card identification circuit, GPRS communication circuit, memory circuit, motor drive circuit and power supply circuit. The security extension is mainly responsible for communicating with the host computer at the gate. The function of the extension is much simpler than the main machine at the gate, and the circuit design is relatively simple. The indoor extension is mainly composed of STM32 minimum system, GPRS communication circuit and power supply circuit.

Through the software and hardware joint adjustment, the system functions can be better realized, and passed the teacher's acceptance.

Key words：STM32F103C8T6; SIM800A; Intercom Access Control System; RFID Technology

目录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 论文的研究内容和组织结构 3

第二章 系统方案设计和系统硬件工作原理 5

2.1 系统方案设计 5

2.1.1 大门处主机结构框图 5

2.1.2 保卫处分机结构框图 6

2.2 系统硬件工作原理 7

第三章 门禁系统核心硬件选型 8

3.1 门禁卡片及读卡器选择及介绍 8

3.2 微处理器选择及介绍 9

3.3 GPRS模块选择及介绍 10

第四章 大门处主机硬件电路设计 13

4.1 单片机STM32最小系统 13

4.1.1 单片机STM32F103C8T6 14

4.1.2 晶振电路 14

4.1.3 复位电路 14

4.1.4 调试接口电路 15

4.2 射频卡识别电路设计 15

4.3 SIM800A 通信电路 16

4.3.1 卡座电路设计 16

4.3.2 语音通话外围电路 17

4.3.3 网络指示灯电路设计 17

4.4 数据存储电路 18

4.5 电机驱动电路设计 19

4.6 电源电路及其他外围电路设计 20

4.6.1 电源电路设计 20

4.6.2 其他外围电路设计 20

4.7 大门处主机硬件完整原理图 21

第五章 保卫处分机硬件电路设计 23

5.1 单片机STM32最小系统 23

5.2 SIM800A通信电路 24

5.3 电源电路设计 24

5.4 保卫处分机硬件完整原理图 25

第六章 软硬件联调及结果分析 26

6.1 门禁系统软件设计任务 26

6.2 硬件调试 26

6.3 软硬件联调 27

总结与展望 31

参考文献 33

致谢 36

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