摘 要

随着科学技术和信息产业的不断发展，位置服务成为人们的一个重要需求。 由于GPS信号强度被墙堵塞，室内用户无法在全球定位卫星的帮助下获得其位置。室内定位技术已经成为研究者的关注点。 一种新型、基频为1 GHz以下的超长距低功率损耗的数据传输技术（简称 LoRa）的芯片（该芯片由Semtech公司在2013年8月向业界发布），如果能将该技术应用于室内定位系统则既可以最大程度地实现更长距离定位，又能实现更低的功率损耗。 因此，本设计将研究基于SX1276（一种LoRa通信芯片）的室内定位系统。

此次设计的室内定位系统以SX1276芯片为核心，采用信号强度测量方法，三角测量法进行室内定位测试。该室内内定位系统具有LoRa通信技术的优点，具有长距离通信与低功率损耗的良好性，解决了之前运用其他通信技术如WIFI，蓝牙的室内定位系统无法同时解决长距离通信与功率损耗的问题。

本设计主要有两个模块，STC51单片机控制模块及SX1276芯片通信模块。 STC51单片机模块通过SPI接口，控制SX1276芯片； 而 SX1276芯片模块负责信息的发送与接收，同时通过 DIO1- DIO5接口将状态信息反馈给单片机，两个模块共同工作，完成系统的信息收发通信，完成系统定位功能。

关键词：室内定位，LoRa，SX1276，信号强度

Abstract

With the continuous development of science and technology and information industry, location services have become an important demand for people. Because GPS signal strength is blocked by walls, indoor users cannot obtain their position with the help of global positioning satellites. Indoor positioning technology has become a focus of researchers. In August 2013, Semtech Corporation released a new chip based on ultra-long-range low-power data transmission technology (LoRa for short) below 1GHz to the industry. The application of this technology to indoor positioning systems can be achieved at the same time to the greatest extent possible. Long distance positioning and lower power consumption. Therefore, this design will study an indoor positioning system based on SX1276 (a LoRa communication chip).

The indoor positioning system designed this time takes the SX1276 chip as the core, and adopts the signal strength measurement method and the triangulation method to perform indoor positioning tests. The indoor positioning system has the advantages of LoRa communication technology, and has the advantages of long-distance communication and low power loss. It solves the problem that the indoor positioning system that used other communication technologies such as WIFI and Bluetooth can not solve long-distance communication and power loss at the same time. .

This design mainly has two modules, the control module STC51 microcontroller and the communication module SX1276 chip module. STC51 microcontroller module through the SPI interface, control SX1276 chip; and SX1276 chip module is responsible for sending and receiving information, while the status information through the DIO1-DIO5 interface to the microcontroller, the two modules work together to complete the system information transceiver communications, complete the system GPS.

Key words: indoor location LoRa SX1276 signal strength

目 录

第1章绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 研究内容 2

第2章室内定位技术 3

2.1定义与应用 3

2.2原理与方法 4

第3章SX1276芯片 6

3.1 LoRa通信技术 6

3.2 SX1276芯片 7

第4章硬件设计 9

4.1控制电路 9

4.2接收和发送选择电路 10

4.3 SX1276芯片电路设计 11

4.4验收电路 11

4.5硬件实现 12

第5章软件设计 14

5.1定位算法 14

5.2软件实现 15

5.2.1 SX1276芯片初始化 15

5.2.2数据的接收与发送 16

5.2.3数据处理 17

第6章定位验证及总结 18

6.1定位验证 18

6.2总结 20

参考文献 21

致谢 22