论文总字数：15981字

摘 要

随着经济的发展，车辆的数目不断增加，道路堵车现象日益严重，智能交通灯就应运而生了。目前世界上的智能交通系统存在的问题是：系统结构庞大、管理困难、维护投入大等。为了改善现有的交通状况，并克服现有智能交通系统的缺点我设计了交通灯模拟控制小型化的智能交通灯。它具有小型化、智能化、维修投入小、易于安装等特点。与其他的智能交通相比该系统更适应经济和社会的发展，符合目前科技发展的现状。

交通信号灯控制方式很多。利用单片机的定时、查询、中断功能，能够根据十字路口两个方向上车辆动态状况，采用查询的方式，根据具体情况，自动给予时间通行，其中利用中断方式来处理特殊情况。这样既方便驾驶员、路人，同时还可以紧急处理一些紧急实况。同样具有红、黄、绿灯的显示功能，为驾驶员、路人“照明”。最智能的是可以根据红外线测出的车流量大小改变绿灯通行时间，及时解决交通拥堵问题。本文重点介绍了系统的硬件和软件设计，硬件部分包括51单片机、单片机最小电路、显示系统、驱动芯片以及车流量检测模块；软件部分包括程序总体设计流程和子模块程序。设计本系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展功能强。

关键词：交通灯 单片机 车流量检测

Intelligent Traffic Lights Design and Implementation

Abstract

With economic development, the number of vehicles continues to increase, the growing phenomenon of road traffic jam, intelligent traffic lights came into being. At present, Intelligent Transport Systems in the world there has a problem: the huge system configuration, management difficulties, and large maintenance effort. In order to improve the existing traffic situation and to overcome the shortcomings of existing intelligent transportation system. I design analog control traffic lights miniaturized by intelligent traffic lights. It has a small, intelligent, repair invest in small, easy to install and so on. Compared with other intelligent transportation system more responsive to the economic and social development, in line with the current status of science and technology development.

窗体顶端

Traffic signal control in many ways. With a timing micro-controller, query, interrupt function, according to two directions Crossroads vehicle dynamic conditions, using the query mode, depending on the circumstances, given the automatic passage of time, in which the use of interrupts to handle special cases. This will not only facilitate the driver, passers-by, but also can deal with some urgent fact. Also has red, yellow, green display function for the driver, passers-by "Illumination." The most intelligent green transit time can be changed according to the size of infrared measured traffic, to solve traffic congestion problems. This article focuses on the hardware and software system design, hardware includes 51 single-chip, single-chip smallest circuit, display system, driver chips and traffic detection module; Software includes program overall design process and sub-module program.The system is practical, simple, strong expansion function.

Keywords: Traffic lights；SCM ；Traffic flow detection

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 引言 1

1.1设计简介 1

1.2设计内容 1

第二章 方案论证 3

2.1主控制器选择 3

2.2显示界面的选择 3

2.4车流量检测模块的选择 4

第三章 系统方案设计 5

3.1交通信号灯系统通行方案的设计 5

3.2交通信号灯系统功能的设计 6

3.2.1显示模块功能 6

3.2.2 按键模块功能 7

3.3基于单片机的交通信号灯的基本构成及原理 7

3.4红外测车流量的工作原理 8

3.4.1光电红外线传感器 9

第四章 系统硬件电路的设计 10

4.1系统硬件总电路构成 10

4.2单片机系统 10

4.3 单片机最小系统 10

4.3.1复位电路 11

4.3.2晶振电路 11

4.3.3 P0和P2口的上拉电阻 12

4.4显示系统 12

4.4.1 LED显示 12

4.4.2数码管显示 13

4.5数码管显示驱动电路 14

4.6键盘输入电路 15

4.7红外线测车流量 16

第五章 系统软件程序的设计 19

5.1程序主体设计流程 19

5.2车流量程序设计 20

5.3中断子程序 21

5.4定时器中断子程序 22

第六章 电路调试 24

实物图调试 26

总结 28

参考文献 29

附录 31

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