论文总字数：26240字

摘 要

本文论述总结了前人对于镀锌板与激光焊的研究成果，由于遇到疫情的特殊情况，在全国人民积极防疫的关键时期，本人无法返校完成计划进行的实验，所以本文借鉴了研究学者们对于使用激光焊接工艺焊接镀锌板的研究，设计了五组实验，利用控制变量法，探究激光焊焊接镀锌板的焊接速度与焊接功率对焊接接头的力学性能与接头组织的影响，综合本科学习的知识以及查找到的文献资料，分析总结原因。本文还介绍了ESI公司的焊接模拟软件SYSWELD与Visual-Environment，国内的论文文献，各大学习资料网络，学术交流等平台，与这两种软件相关的中文介绍与学习资料相比其他软件来说很少，不利于新手的入门与学习，本文一一介绍了这两个软件的安装方法，填补了中文论文里关于安装此软件的方法与相关介绍的不足，本文也具体介绍了应用Visual-Environment软件建立模型，划分网格，设置边界条件，进行模拟焊接的步骤，对于新手入门与学习Visual-Environment软件具有重要的指导意义。

论文主要研究了使用激光焊焊接镀锌板时焊接速度与焊接功率这两个条件的改变，探究焊接接头的抗拉强度变化以及微观组织的变化,也介绍了如何安装焊接模拟软件SYSWELD与Visual-Environment，如何用Visual-Environment软件创立模型，划分网格，设立边界条件，进行数值模拟等操作。最后此论文总结了在使用激光焊焊接镀锌板的实验条件中，激光焊接的焊接速度与焊接功率影响焊接接头力学性能与微观组织的原因。

研究结果表明：当其他的焊接条件保持一定时，只改变激光的功率时，实验结果表现为其焊接接头的抗拉强度先变大后变小而且焊缝区的铁素体逐渐变大变粗。当焊接时保持其他的条件不变，只改变激光焊接的焊接速度时其接头的抗拉强度先变大后变小。假定焊接时保持焊接速度较慢进行，在单位时间内的热输入量大，热影响区发生过热现象，焊缝区的晶粒过于粗大，机械性能低。当焊接速度过快时，热量输入量小，焊接区域不会完全熔合，机械性能也会下降。

本文的特色：在总结先人的试验结果的基础上，提出自己的思考分析，学习焊接的模拟软件，给出安装方法，使用软件建模后划分网格，设置夹持条件边界条件等步骤。在无法返校做实验的情况下，用计算机学习实验的操作。

关键词：激光焊；镀锌板；软件模拟

Abstract

This article discusses and summarizes the previous research results of laser welding and galvanized steel. Due to the special situation of the epidemic, I cannot return to school to complete the planned experiment in the critical period of the national people's active epidemic prevention. To study that using laser welding technology for weld galvanized steel, five sets of experiments were designed. Using the control variable method, the effects of welding speed and welding power of laser welding galvanized steels on the mechanical properties and joint structure of welded joints were investigated. I analyze and summarize the reasons by using comprehensive knowledge of undergraduate study and the paper found. This article also introduces ESI's welding simulation software SYSWELD and Visual-Environment, while compared with others the Chinese introductions and learning materials related to these two kinds of software are few in domestic papers, major learning materials networks, academic exchanges, and other platforms. And this situation is not conducive to novice entry and learning. This article introduces the installation methods of the software in detail, and fills in the shortcomings of the Chinese paper on the method of cracking and installing the software. This article also introduces the steps of using Visual-Environment software to create models, divide meshes, set boundary conditions and perform simulated welding. There is great guiding significance for novices to get started and learn Visual-Environment software.

The paper mainly studied the two conditions of changing welding speed and welding power when using laser welding to weld galvanized steel, explored the change of tensile strength and microstructure of welded joints, introduced how to install welding simulation software SYSWELD and Visual-Environment, how to use Visual-Environment software to create models, divide meshes, set boundary conditions, perform simulated welding and others. Finally, in the experiment of laser welding galvanized steel, the welding speed and welding power of laser welding affect the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joint. Finally, this paper summarizes the reasons why the welding speed and welding power of laser welding affect the mechanical properties and microstructure of welded joints in the experiment of laser welding galvanized steels.

The results show that when other conditions remain unchanged and only the power of laser welding is changed, the tensile strength of the welded joint first becomes larger and then becomes smaller, and the ferrite in the weld zone gradually becomes larger as the welding power increases. When the other conditions remain unchanged and only the welding speed of laser welding is changed, the tensile strength of the welded joint first becomes larger and then becomes smaller. If the welding speed is slow, the amount of heat input for welding per unit time is large, the heat affected zone is overheated, the grains in the weld zone are too coarse, and the mechanical properties are low. When the welding speed is too fast, the heat input is small, the welding area will not be completely fused, and the mechanical properties will also decrease.

The characteristics of this paper: on the basis of summarizing the experimental results of previous study, put forward my own thinking and analysis, learn the simulation software of welding, give the installation method, use the software to model, divide the grid, and set the boundary conditions. Under the condition that it is impossible to go back to school to do the experiment, use the computer to learn the operation of the experiment.

Key Words：Laser welding; galvanized steel; software simulation

目 录

第1章□绪论 1

□□1.1□激光技术 1

□□□□1.1.1□激光焊接的优点 1

□□□□1.1.2□激光焊接的现状 2

□□□□1.1.3□激光焊接的应用举例 3

□□□□1.1.4□激光焊接技术的展望 3

□□1.2□镀锌钢板 4

□□□□1.2.1□镀锌钢板的优点 4

□□□□1.2.2□镀锌钢板的种类 4

□□□□1.2.3□镀锌钢板的应用 5

□□1.3□本论文的意义 5

第2章□实验 7

□□2.1□实验操作 7

□□2.2□实验结果 8

□□□□2.2.1□激光焊接参数对焊接接头力学性能的影响 8

□□□□2.2.1□激光焊接参数对焊缝区显微组织的影响 9

□□2.3□实验结果分析 10

第3章□软件模拟 11

□□3.1□软件介绍 11

□□3.2□软件安装方法 12

□□□□3.2.1□SYSWELD安装 12

□□□□3.2.2□Visual-Environment安装 13

□□□□3.2.3□安装经验总结 14

□□3.3□操作步骤 15

□□□□3.3.1□Visual-Mesh建立模型与划分网格 16

□□□□3.3.2□Visual-Weld模拟焊接 20

□□3.4□焊接热源模型 21

□□3.5□结果 23

第4章□小结与展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 29

第1章 绪论

随着科学与技术的应用不休不息发展，人类通过发明创新掌握了日益精湛的生产工艺与技术，而焊接作为一种历史悠久的制造工艺，不管是在我们的日常生活还是在机械制造领域都有着不可代替的作用，焊接技术在不断地被世界各地的学者们发展与改进。焊接的含义是通过加热，高温或者高压的形式将金属或者其它的热塑性材料永久连接起来构成牢靠接头的制造工艺。在十九世纪之前，唯一的焊接工艺是金属锻焊，它是利用铁匠的人力劳动不断地锻打高温红热的金属，使之形成永久的可靠连接。直至十九世纪的末期才最早出现现代焊接技术。随着第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战的进行，军事工业方面取得突飞猛进的发展，成本低、连接质量高的金属连接工艺获得了极大的关注。众所周知，只有当两个固体表面的原子距离达到足够小时，原子之间才能够发生相互扩散，再结晶等物理化学过程，形成金属键，焊接的最终目的才能够被实现。然而即使是已经经过精细加工的固体的表面，在微观下观察还是呈现出凹凸不平的样貌，金属的表面会存在氧化膜，油污或水，这些都妨碍达成焊接的目标^[1]。可以将焊接技术分为以下的三种类型：熔焊，通过加热需要连接的工件致使其局部熔化并形成熔池，熔池融合并冷却后即得到可靠连接的焊接接头；压力焊接，对焊件施加压力以达到焊接的目的；钎焊，运用熔点比母材低一些的金属材料作为钎焊材料，将液态钎料润湿母材来填充接头间隙，它与母材能够相互扩散进而实现牢靠接头。使用焊接的加工工艺方法来连接金属等材料的实现方式有多种类型，如MIG焊、TIG焊、CO₂气体保护焊、手工电弧焊、埋弧焊等焊接方式，其中激光技术拥有多种优势，以下对激光焊接的优势，发展趋势与应用做出简要的说明概括。在焊接材料中，合金金属由于具有多种纯金属材料缺乏的优势，在生产中得到广泛的应用，本次实验的焊接材料选为镀锌钢板，所以对于镀锌钢板也做出如下的简要概括。

• 1. 激光技术

1.1.1 激光焊接的优点

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