W18CrV4热处理工艺研究毕业论文
2021-03-21 22:27:41
摘 要
本文通过使用高温炉,分别在1150℃,1200℃,1250℃温度下对W18Cr4V进行空冷淬火,得到W18Cr4V的热处理试样,完成高速钢的金相制备,并通过显微镜观察高速钢的显微组织,最后使用洛氏硬度计以及材料试验机分别测试三种温度下高速钢的洛氏硬度和显微硬度。完成以上实验过程后,对三组试样硬度和组织成分进行比较,得到结果:W18Cr4V在1200℃空冷淬火时硬度最高,在1250℃的硬度其次,在1150℃的硬度最低。主要原因如下:在1150℃进行空冷退火时,由于淬火温度不高,保温时间不长,钨、铬、钒等碳化物合金元素未能完全溶入奥氏体。大部分残余奥氏体没有转变成为马氏体,使得W18Cr4V的硬度有一定程度的降低。在1250℃淬火时,温度较高,热处理的时间较长,冷却的时间也较长,基体中的合金元素和碳严重析出,降低了淬火马氏体中的合金元素和碳的过饱和度,使得二次硬化的效果被削弱,从而降低了淬火硬度。而在1200℃进行空冷淬火时,一方面钨、铬、钒等合金元素能充分的进入奥氏体内部,起到强化基体的作用,另一方面奥氏体转化为淬火马氏体的程度较高,故在此温度下淬火得到的试样硬度最高。
在1200℃和1250℃进行淬火后,空冷时有明显的裂纹产生,主要的原因是在空冷时冷却速度较慢,奥氏体晶界处有大量的碳化物析出,削弱了晶界的强度,在冷却收缩产生的应力下发生开裂。
关键词:W18Cr4V;空冷淬火;球化退火;洛氏硬度
Abstract
In this paper, through the use of high temperature furnace,air cooling quench W18Cr4V at 1150℃,1200℃,1250℃ respectively,and the Heat treatment samples of W18Cr4V were obtained.First of all,Metallographic Preparation of high speed steel is completed,and then,the microstructure of high speed steel is observed by microscope,finally,the use of rockwell hardness tester and high speed steel material testing machine respectively test three temperatures of rockwell hardness and microhardness.After the above experiment, the hardness and the composition of the three groups of samples were compared and the results were obtained:the highest hardness of W18Cr4V after air cooling quenching is at 1200℃,the hardness at 1250 ℃ followed,and the lowest hardness is at 1250℃.Main reasons are as follows: When the air cooling quenching at 1150℃,because the quenching temperature is not high,and the holding time is not long.Tungsten, chromium, vanadium and other carbide alloy elements failed to completely dissolve into austenite.Most of the retained austenite does not change into martensite,the hardness of W18Cr4V is reduced to a certain extent. When the air cooling quenching at 1250℃,the temperature is higher, the heat treatment time is longer, and the cooling time is longer.all of these makes the result that the alloying elements and carbon in the matrix are seriously precipitated,and then the supersaturation of alloying elements and carbon in quenched martensite is also reduced.The effect of the two hardening is weakened.Thus, the hardness of the material after quenching is reduced.But when the air cooling quenching at 1150℃,on the one hand the alloy elements such as tungsten, chromium and vanadium can be fully entered into austenite,playing the role of strengthening the matrix, on the other hand the degree of austenite transformation into quenched martensite is higher.Therefore, the hardness of the sample obtained by air cooling quenching at this temperature is the highest.
After quenching at 1200℃ and 1250℃,There are obvious cracks in air cooling.The main reason is that the rate of cooling is slow in air cooling,There is a lot of carbide precipitation at austenite grain boundary,Weakening the strength of grain boundaries.Cracking occurs under the cooling shrinkage stress.
Key Words:W18Cr4V;air cooling quenching;spheroidizing annealing;Rockwell hardness
目 录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 热处理工艺 2
1.3 现状及材料介绍 3
1.3.1国内外热处理工艺发展 3
1.3.2 W18Cr4V的国内外现状分析 4
1.3.3 研究目的及意义 5
第2章 实验仪器及材料 6
2.1 实验仪器设备 6
2.2 材料的选择原则 7
2.3 试样的切割 6
2.4 实验材料及分组设计 7
第3章 W18Cr4V的热处理工艺过程 8
3.1 W18Cr4V的球化退火 8
3.2 W18Cr4V的空冷淬火热处理 8
3.3 W18Cr4V的回火热处理 10
第4章 金相制备 11
5.1 试样的初步打磨 11
5.2 金相制备流程 11
第5章 性能测试 12
5.1.1 洛氏硬度的测量 12
5.1.2 显微硬度的测量 13
第6章 实验结果分析 14
6.1 金相组织的观察与分析 14
6.2 实验数据处理与分析 15
6.2.1数据处理 15
6.2.2实验分析 16
第7章 结论 19
参考文献 20
致 谢 21
第1章 绪 论
1.1 引言
W18Cr4V是钨系高速钢的一种,其化学成分如下:碳含量在0.70%-0.80%,硅含量小于0.40%,锰含量小于0.40%,铬含量在3.80%-4.40%,钨含量在17.5%-19.0%,镆含量小于0.30%,钒含量在1.00%-1.40%,硫和磷元素的含量都小于0.03%。其中,钨的作用是提高W18Cr4V红硬性的主要合金元素,主要以碳化物的形式存在。在球化退火时,一部分钨的碳化物会进去奥氏体,在淬火时,这些含有大量钨的碳化物的奥氏体会转变为具有回火稳定性的马氏体,从而起到提高高速钢红硬性的作用。钒不仅能提高高速钢的红硬性,还能提高其韧性,在回火时,钒的碳化物变为极其细小的颗粒弥散分布,产生二次硬化从而提高钢的红硬性。铬的作用主要是提高高速钢的淬透性,使其有更好的热处理性能[1]。
临界温度点,Ac1为820℃,Acm为1330℃,Ar1为760℃[2]。