摘 要

目前，国内外对于堆焊技术不断创新，也对堆焊焊条有了不少丰厚的成果。但是，目前堆焊焊条普遍存在的问题是高成本，在工艺性能、工作条件上存在缺陷等问题。因此，本次毕业设计试图探究如何通过药皮配方的设计和改良，来获取高硬度、耐磨性能好的堆焊焊条，同时也控制焊条制作的简易、成本的低廉。通过加入Cr、Mo这些合金元素，并通过金相观察、硬度试验、耐磨试验来获得所要制备的堆焊焊条。

首先，查阅前人的成果，对他们设计的高铬堆焊焊条进行研究和分析，确定影响硬度的关键要素，再通过计算合金元素加入量，药皮类型的确定，来进一步完善配方的设计。焊条搓制后进行焊接实验，并对焊后的焊缝组织进行观察，分析配方的优缺点，进行改良后继续实验。最后对所有的试样进行金相观察、硬度测试、耐磨试验，从而得到综合性能优秀的堆焊焊条配方。

最后实验结果表明，铬、钼元素对于硬质相的增加起有利作用，石墨加入也有利于得到耐磨性能好的焊缝组织，增加马氏体的含量是提高焊缝硬度的重要方向。

关键词：堆焊焊条、药皮设计、硬度、耐磨性

ABSTRACT

At present, domestic and overseas for surfacing technology innovation, also for surfacing welding electrode has a lot of rich results. However, there are many problems existing in surfacing welding rod, such as high cost, defects in process performance and working conditions. Therefore, the graduation project is trying to find out how to obtain the high hardness and good wear resistance welding electrode by the design and improvement of the formula, and also control the simple and low cost of the welding rod production. By adding Cr, Mo alloy elements, and through metallographic observation, hardness test, wear test, to obtain the surfacing electrode.

First of all, referring to the previous results, the study and analysis of the high chromium Hardfacing Electrode Design, determine the key factors influencing the hardness, by calculating the amount of alloy elements, determine the type of coating, to further improve the formulation design. After welding the electrode, the welding experiment is carried out, and the weld microstructure after welding is observed. The advantages and disadvantages of the formula are analyzed, and the experiment is carried on after improvement. Finally, the metallographic observation, hardness test and wear test of all specimens were carried out, and the formula of surfacing electrode with excellent comprehensive properties was obtained.

Finally, the experimental results show that chromium and molybdenum in hard phase increases the beneficial effect of graphite, but also conducive to get weld good abrasion resistance, increase the content of martensite is an important direction to improve the hardness of the weld.

Key words: Surfacing Electrode, Coating Design, Hardness, Wear Resistan

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2堆焊技术及堆焊焊条 1

1.2.1堆焊技术 1

1.2.2堆焊焊条 1

1.3堆焊焊条设计 2

1.3.1堆焊焊条设计的发展现状 2

1.3.2堆焊焊条研究的目的及意义 2

1.4课题研究内容 3

1.4.1课题方向 3

1.4.2课题试验 4

第2章 试验材料及方法 5

2.1试验材料 5

2.1.1基体 5

2.1.2焊芯及药皮材料选择 5

2.2试验仪器及方法 5

2.2.1搓制焊条 5

2.2.2焊接 6

2.2.3观察金相 6

2.2.4硬度测试 7

2.2.5磨损测试 8

第3章 焊条配方设计 9

3.1堆焊金属合金系统的确定 9

3.1.1C及合金元素作用 9

3.1.2合金元素的计算 9

3.2药皮渣系选择 12

3.3粘结剂选择 13

3.4焊接药皮设计配方 13

第4章 实验结果及分析 15

4.1焊接试验 15

4.1.1焊接试验现象 15

4.1.2焊接试验分析 15

4.2金相观察 16

4.2.1母材区观察及分析 16

4.2.2熔合区观察及分析 17

4.2.3焊缝区观察及分析 18

4.3硬度测试 20

4.4磨损测试 22

第5章 结论与展望 24

5.1试验结论 24

5.2研究展望 24

参考文献 25

致谢 26

第1章 绪论

1.1引言