某化工企业储罐区消防安全设计-6×500m3液氨储罐毕业论文

2020-04-15 21:23:12

摘要

因为现代工业的飞快发展，大部分工业园区建有大规模罐区和储备物品区域。这些大规模罐区和储备物品区域存在很多有毒、有害、易燃和易爆的危险化学品，其中许多属于主要危险源。但是，目前我国城市主要危险源安全管理存在诸多缺陷，泄漏事故是一种高频率的突发性污染事故。本文以6×500m³液氨罐为例，研究了化工企业仓储区6×500m³液氨罐的消防安全设计。本文讨论了液体氨储藏罐的安全性，在液体氨储藏罐的定性定量分析中，使用了向导解析法、事故模型计算法及DOW法。通过分析结果，采取相应措施可以降低液氨罐的风险，确保人员和财产不受损害，确保安全生产。

关键词：危险储罐有毒易燃易爆化工企业

Abstract

Because of the rapid development of modern industry, most industrial parks have their own large-scale tank area and storage area. There are many toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals in these large-scale tank areas and storage areas, many of which are major hazard sources. However, there are many defects in the safety management of major urban hazards in China. Leakage accident is a high-frequency sudden pollution accident. In this paper, the fire safety design of 6 x500m3 liquid ammonia tank in the storage area of chemical enterprises is studied by taking 6 x500m3 liquid ammonia tank as an example.

This paper discusses the safety of liquid ammonia storage tank. In the qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid ammonia storage tank, guided analytical method, accident model calculation method and DOW method are used. According to the analysis results, the risk of liquid ammonia tank can be reduced by taking appropriate measures to ensure that personnel and property are not damaged and safety in production is ensured.

Keywords: Danger; Tank storage; Toxic; Inflammable and explosive;Chemical companies

第1章绪论....................................................................3

1.1 研究背景和研究意义......................................................3

1.2 国内外研究现状..........................................................3

1.3 研究的主要内容和主要方法................................................5

1.3.1 研究的主要内容....................................................5

1.3.2 研究的主要方法....................................................5

第2章 500m³的储罐（含附件）选型及尺寸设计......................................6

2.1 项目概述................................................................6

2.2 液氨的主要参数..........................................................6

2.2.1 物理性质..........................................................6

2.2.2 化学性质..........................................................7

2.2.3 毒性..............................................................7

2.3 储罐的选型..............................................................8

2.4 液氨储罐的设计参数确定及选材............................................8

2.5 储罐的设计..............................................................8

2.5.1 球壳的设计........................................................9

2.5.2 坡口的设计........................................................9

2.5.3 支座设计..........................................................9

2.5.4 入孔和接管........................................................9

2.6 焊接接头系数............................................................9

2.7 球体厚度................................................................9

2.8 支柱、拉杆计算..........................................................10

2.9 球罐的附件..............................................................11

2.9.1 梯子平台..........................................................11

2.9.2 绝缘和冷却设施....................................................11

2.9.3 超声波液位计......................................................11

2.9.4 安全阀............................................................12

2.9.5 压力表............................................................12

2.9.6 温度计............................................................12

2.9.7 喷水器............................................................12

第3章防火堤及消防通道的设计...................................................13

3.1 防火堤的设计............................................................13

3.1.1 防火堤的设置......................................................13

3.1.2 防火堤具体要求....................................................13

3.1.3 防火堤高度确定....................................................14

3.1.4 防火堤的计算......................................................14

3.1.5 防火堤平面布置....................................................14

3.1.6 防火堤选型构造....................................................15

3.1.7 防火堤内的地面设计及排水设施......................................15

3.2 消防通道的设计..........................................................15

3.2.1 消防车道..........................................................16

3.2.2 消防栓............................................................17

3.2.3 灭火系统..........................................................17

3.2.4 消防水池..........................................................17

第4章总平面设计及罐区危险性分析...............................................19

4.1 总平面设计..............................................................19

4.1.1 液氨储罐区的设置..................................................19

4.1.2 罐间防火间距......................................................19

4.1.3 罐区防火间距......................................................20

4.1.4 罐区的平面布置图..................................................21

4.2 罐区重大危险源及高危储存设施辨识........................................21

4.2.1 定义..............................................................21

4.2.2 重大危险源的辨识..................................................21

4.2.1 贮存区重大危险源..................................................21

4.2.2 重大危险源的辨识指标..............................................21

4.2.3 重大危险源管理制度................................................22

4.3 罐区危险性分析..........................................................23

4.3.1 中毒处置..........................................................23

4.3.2 泄漏处置..........................................................24

4.3.3 燃烧爆炸处置......................................................24

第5章罐区消防安全设计.........................................................26

5.1 消防用水量计算..........................................................26

5.1.1 消防冷却用水时间..................................................26

5.1.2 固定式冷却水量....................................................26

5.1.3 移动式冷却水量....................................................27

5.2 消火栓布置..............................................................28

5.3 罐区火灾报警器布置图设计................................................28

5.3.1 系统各部分介绍....................................................28

5.3.2 选择与安装........................................................29

5.3.3 系统供电..........................................................29

5.4 罐区消防安全设施设计及自动化控制方案设计................................29

第6章总结.....................................................................31

参考文献........................................................................32

致谢............................................................................34

第1章绪论

1.1 研究背景和研究意义

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