In the second half of the 19th century, Chinese began to translate American literature. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, one of the greatest American romantic poets in the 19th century, is the first American poet to be introduced from the West to China, whose "A Psalm of Life" is the first English poem translated into Chinese. His poems were introduced into China in great numbers and they were translated by many famous translators or scholars, which have played a great role in promoting the creation of Chinese new style poems. In My Process of Poetry Writing (The Complete Works of Guo Moruo - literature Section, vol.no.16) by Guo Moruo, he described his feelings of reading the poem "The Arrow and the Song": “The poem makes me feel very fresh, and it seems that I have just met "Poetry" for the first time. In such a simple antithetical repetition, I realized the true spirit of poetry”.
Longfellow was the first American poet who skillfully applied the European classical poetry form to express the new emotion and the new theme, the poems are fresh and sweet, simple and implicit, full of philosophical and thought-provoking. He is good at using symbols, metaphors and repetition, and integrating common wisdom into his poems. From "The Arrow and the Song",it may be found that these characteristics are perfectly embodied.
To some extent, many people began to focus on researching the acceptance, spread and influence of Longfellow's works in China, including doing comparative literature studies and analysing the connotation of the foreign poetry, etc. Less people made detailed comparison of different translations which show different understanding and styles of translators. Therefore, in this paper Longfellow's classic poem "The Arrow and the Song" is chosen as a reference to achieve the following three purposes. One is to make an analysis on the translation styles of different translators and the translation theories and skills they used in translation; the second is to explore the translator's different ways of dealing with the same sentence or the same images in a poem, so as to discover the cultural consciousness reflected in it; the third is to summarize the common features of Chinese poetry translation.
At present, some researches on Longfellow's poems in China are lack of independent opinions and innovative consciousness, many Chinese scholars are moving forward along the research direction of western scholars. Therefore, it is hoped to study the Chinese versions of "The Arrow and the Song" from the perspective of translation and cultural differences on the basis of previous studies on Longfellow's poems. There are five different versions, each has its own research significance. For example, from Hu Shi's translation, it can be seen that his attempts to write in vernacular style, while in Ye Yusen's translation, a kind of Chinese classical poetry form called “Guo Feng style” was used. Luo Changbin and Xiangyun Wang's poetry translation is based on their understanding of the images -- arrow and song, they see them as the symbols of hate and love, and especially emphasizes the emotion into their translations. In this way, this paper would suggest the cognition and understanding of Longfellow's poems from the perspective of localization, further expand the horizon of Longfellow's research in China, and enrich the relevant research achievements.

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