论文总字数：27553字

摘 要

我国拥有丰富而多样的能源资源，但是人均能源资源大大低于世界的平均水平。进入21世纪以来，随着城乡建筑的迅速发展，人民生活水平迅速提高，百姓对热水的需求也越来越多，对热水制取中的能源节约和环境保护也越来越重视。于是尘封近百年的热泵节能技术，重新吸引了人们的眼球。近几年，空气源热泵热水机组的出现，在节能、环保、安全方面具有很多优点，在家用和商用制取生活热水方面，得到了大力的发展和运用。热泵实际上是输送热量的机械装置。通常用于热泵装置的低温热源是我们周围的介质－空气、海水、河水，或者是从工业生产设备中排出的工质，这些工质与周围介质具有相接近的温度。热泵装置的工作原理：当热量从一个空间被抽走之后，失去热量的该空间就会降温，冷端失去的热量和压缩机输入功转变的热量都传递至热端，它的制热效率恒高于100%。空气源热泵热水器利用逆卡诺循环原理，用少量的电能驱动热泵机组，通过热泵系统中的工作介质进行相变循环，把自然环境中的低温热量吸收压缩升温后传递到水中产生热水。空气源热泵热水器是继燃气热水器、电热水器和太阳能热水器的新一代热水装置，是可以替代锅炉的供暖水设备。它是综合电热水器和太阳能热水器优点的安全节能环保型热水器，它最大的特点和优势就是高热效率，具有广泛的市场应用价值。

本论文介绍了整体式空气源热泵热水器的工作原理及其主要组成部件。该热水器是小型的家用热水器，采用的是沉浸式盘管冷凝器，主要由盘管和热水箱组成，金属盘管沉浸在热水箱内。高温高压的热泵工质在盘管内流动，与管外水换热。空气源热泵热水器主要部件有蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、节流阀等，与空调器结构大体相同。制冷剂液体在管道内流动，经过压缩机压缩后成为高压的蒸汽，进入冷凝器向水传热降温，制冷剂蒸汽发生相变成为高压的液体。再经过毛细管节流降压后成为比空气温度更低的液体。然后在蒸发器吸热沸腾并汽化，再被压缩机吸入，如此循环往复。由于热泵热水器工作时必须从空气中吸收热量，空气经过蒸发器吸收热量后会降低温度，散发出冷气，再利用这部分冷气资源，设计出具备独立制热、制冷和热泵热水器功能的装置，使热水器工作时，冷热两端都得到利用。

空气源热泵热水器的设计研究主要通过理论计算，先进行系统的热平衡计算，即制冷压缩循环热力计算。从而确定冷凝器、蒸发器负荷及进、出口温度，然后完成蒸发器、冷凝器的结构设计。最后确定其外形结构及阻力压降。此次课题设计中着重考虑了蒸发器、冷凝器的强化传热问题。由于空气侧换热系数很低且对传热系数影响很大。在设计中蒸发器的热管采用正三角形叉形排列并在管外增加翅片，以强化传热。冷凝器采用的是低肋管，换热面积可增大2—3倍。考虑到蒸发器翅片上会有大量水蒸汽凝结，蒸发器翅片采用清水膜处理，便于凝结水的流出。空气源热泵热水器在实际应用中，还存在环境适应性问题。因此，空气源热泵热水器在市场上要想获得广泛的发展，还需不断地改进。

关键词：热泵 空气源 热水器 蒸发器 冷凝器 压缩机

The design of 150L holistic air source heat pump water heater

ABSTRACT

China has rich and variety energy resources, but significantly lower than the average per capita level of energy resources of the whole world. In the 21st century, with the acceleration for development of urban and rural construction contuibutes to people's living standards improved dramatically, people required an increasing numerber of the hot water, hot water preparation in energy conservation and environmental protection are also getting attention. the technology of heat pump energy-saving which has been neglected by people for a ages re-attracts people's attention.In recent years, the emergence of air source heat pump water heaters, has many advantages in energy saving, environmental protection and security,and in the residential and commercial aspects of domestic hot water system, it having been the strong development and utilize. Heat pump is a mechanical apparatus in fact. Low-temperature heat source for a heat pump apparatus is normally around us ,such as ,air, sea, river, as wellas discharged from the working fluid in the industrial production equipment, which has the working fluid medium closed to the ambient temperature. The operating principle of the heat pump apparatus : when the heat is pumped from a space, the space will lose heat to cool,then the heat lost in the cold end and the heat of transtion of compressor input work are transfferd to the hot end,and constant heating efficiency is higher than 100 %. Air source heat pump water heaters use reverse Carnot cycle principle, with a small amount of electricity driven heat pump, phase change cycle through the woking medium in the heat pump system ,the natural environment of low temperature heat be absorped after compression heat transfer into water to produce hot water.Air source heat pump water heater is a new generation of hot water device after the gas water heater, electric water heater and solar water heater, and it can replace water heating boiler equipment,which integrates the advantages of electric water heater and solar water heater to be a safety energy conservation environmental protection water heater, and its major merit are high thermal efficiency, which makes has wide market application value.

The working principle of holistic air source heat pump water heater and its main components are introduced in this paper .The water heater is a small residential water heater, using immersion coil condenser, mainly by the coil and hot water tank composed of a metal coil immersed in the hot water tank. Heat pump working fluid temperature and pressure in the coil flows and external water tube heat exchanger .The main components of air source are heat pump water heaters, evaporator, compressor, condenser, throttle, etc. The refrigerant liquid flowing in the pipe, after the high pressure steam compressed by the compressor into the condenser cooling water, refrigerant vapor phase change become high pressure liquid. Then through the capillary throttling became lower than the air temperature liquid. On the boil evaporator heat absorption and evaporation, then in the compressor, such a cycle.Because it need to absorb heat from the air when the heat pump water heater works, the air after the evaporator absorbs heat can reduce temperature,and send out air conditioning, Re-using this part of the air conditioning resources to design a independently equipment which posses heating, refrigeration and heat pump water heater function, and when the water heater is working, hot and cold could at both ends utilize.

Air source heat pump water heater design research mainly are theoretical calculation, firstly system heat balance calculation, namely compression refrigeration cycle thermodynamic calculations. To determine the load and temperature at the inlet and outlet of the condenser and evaporator, and then complete the structure design of evaporator and condenser, Finally, determining the structure and the shape resistance pressure drop of them. The design considerations focuse on the evaporator, condenser heat transfer enhancement .Due to the air side heat transfer coefficient is very low and it has a great influence on the heat transfer coefficient. the design of the evaporator heat pipe using triangle and fork tube increases arranged fins to enhance heat transfer. Condenser uses a low fin tube, heat transfer area can be increased 2-3 times. Taking into account the evaporator fins have a lot of water vapor condensation, evaporator fins using water membrane treatment to facilitate the outflow of water condensation. Air source heat pump water heaters in practical applications, there are environmental adaptability. Therefore, air-source heat pump water heater on the market in order to obtain a wide range of development needs to continuous improve.

Key Words : air source; heat pump; water heaters; condenser; evaporator;compressor.

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT III

目 录 VI

第一章 概述 1

1.1 空气源热泵热水器简介 1

1.2 空气源热泵热水器的基本原理 1

1.3 评价空气源热泵热水器的工作效率的主要指标 2

1.3.1 性能系数COP 2

1.3.2 季节制热性能系数 3

1.4 空气源热泵热水器的特性 3

1.4.1 空气源热泵热水器的优点 3

1.4.2 空气源热泵热水器的缺点 4

1.5 国内外空气源热泵热水器的技术改进与创新 5

1.6 空气源热泵热水器的发展展望 6

第二章 150L整体式空气源热泵热水器设计说明书 8

2.1原始参数 8

2.2热力循环计算 8

2.2.1 热泵制热量 8

2.2.2 压缩机选型 8

2.2.3 单级压缩制冷循环的计算 10

2.3 蒸发器的设计 12

2.3.1 蒸发器进、出口空气状态参数 12

2.3.2 蒸发器的结构参数 13

2.3.3 蒸发器设计计算 13

2.4 冷凝器的设计 24

2.4.1 制热循环系统计算 24

2.4.2 冷凝器设计选型 25

2.4.3 冷凝器的设计计算 27

2.5 节流阀的选取 32

2.6 热水箱及保温层的选取 33

2.6.1 热水箱 33

2.6.2 保温层 34

2.7 风机的选择 35

2.7.1 风机参数 35

2.7.2 风机结构 35

2.7.3 风机特性曲线 36

2.7.4 风机型号说明 36

2.7.5 轴流风机安装的安装注意事项 37

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