论文总字数：25709字

摘 要

随着现代经济和城市生活的发展，电梯成为人们日常生活必不可少的代步工具，电梯性能的好坏对人们生活的影响越来越显著。传统继电器电梯控制系统，由于继电器本身的机械和电磁惯性大，大大降低了电梯系统的可靠性和安全性。为了保证电梯运行既高效节能又安全可靠，必须改进电梯控制方式。根据顺序逻辑控制的需要发展起来的可编程控制器(PLC)，它是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。PLC处理速度快，可靠性高，能够保证电梯正常、安全、可靠地运行。同时，由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了变频调速，不仅能满足乘客的舒适感和保证平稳的精度，还可以降低能耗，节约能源，减小运行费用。本文将基于PLC的变频调速方法应用到电梯系统中，并对此方法进行研究。

首先，分别阐述了电梯继电器控制和PLC控制的特点，突出讲述继电器电梯控制系统暴露的缺点以及PLC电梯控制系统所具有的优点，并对电梯的变频调速控制进行了介绍。其次，在阅读了大量国内外相关文件资料的基础上，对电梯技术和电梯设备的发展进行了综述。然后，介绍了变频器类型以及参数设计的相关知识;同时介绍了PLC选型原则以及PLC控制系统的设计思路;在此基础上，根据电梯系统自身的工作状态要求，进行电梯系统的PLC软件开发，通过软件开发的特点，结合PLC自身的控制规律，设计出可实现一定功能的PLC电梯控制系统。最后的模拟调试结果表明，基于PLC的变频调速电梯系统运行效率高，系统安全可靠性强，并且系统构造简单易于实现，满足了对电梯系统期望的要求。

关键词: 电梯，可编程控制器，变频调速，旋转编码器，高速计数器

Abstract

Along with the development of modern economy and city life, the elevator has become a essential walking tool for people in daily life, and the performance of elevators obviously influences people’s lives. The traditional elevator system based on relay largely decreases the reliability and security since the mechanical and electromagnetic inertia of relay is big In order to ensure the efficiency and reliable securities, the control method of elevator must be changed. The programmable logic controller(PLC),which develops based on sequence logical control, is digital operation electronic device specialized in the industrial application environment. PLC possesses fast process speed and high reliability. Therefore, PLC can be able to ensure the elevator run normally, securely and reliably. In addition. The drive method of elevators has replaced the DC velocity modulation with frequency control due to the development of AC frequency control of motors. The frequency control not only satisfies the comfort sense of passengers and ensures the stable precision, but also decreases the loss of power, saves resources and reduces expenses. The frequency control method based on PLC is applied to the elevator system and further researched.

Firstly, the essay respectively presents the characteristics of the elevator system based on relay control and PLC control, specially formulates the defects exposed from relay control system and the advantages of PLC control system, introduces the frequency control of elevators. Secondly, based on reading many domestic and international relative literatures. The development of elevator techniques and elevator devices is overviewed. And then, the relative knowledge of frequency-converter is introduced; the principle of PLC model election and design scheme of PLC control system are introduced as well. On the basis of these, the PLC software of elevator system is developed according to the working states demands of the elevator. A elevator system based on PLC control is designed through combining the characteristics of software development and the rules of PLC control. Finally, the analog examination shows the elevator frequency control based on PLC possesses high operational efficiency and strong system security. The system structure is simple and easily realized, and satisfies the demands of the elevator system expected.

Key words: Elevator, Programmable Logic Control(PLC), Frequency Conversion amp; Velocity Adjustment, Revolving Encoder

摘 要 1

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 本设计的背景 1

1.2 本设计的意义 1

1.3 本设计的内容 2

1.4 电梯的出现 2

1.5 电梯设备简介 2

1.5.1 电梯的分类 2

1.5.2 电梯的主要参数 3

1.5.3 电梯的安全保护装置 4

1.6 电梯的发展概况 4

1.6.1 电梯技术发展概况 5

1.7 交流曳引电梯调速方式的发展 6

1.8 电梯变频调速控制的特点 6

第二章 调速变频器类型选择及其设计参数 8

2.1 变频器的分类及选择 8

2.1.1 变频器的分类 8

2.1.2 变频器的类型选择 8

2.1.3 变频器的规格选择 8

2.1.4 选择的变频器应满足的条件 9

2.2 通用变频器简介 9

2.3 VS一616G5型通用变频器 10

2.4 VS-616G5型通用变频器电梯调速系统 12

2.5 变频器结构及参数设计 13

2.5.1 参数设计 13

2.5.2 变频器自学习功能的应用方法 14

2.5.3 变频器容量计算 14

2.5.4 变频器制动电阻参数的计算 14

第三章 PLC的选型及其控制系统的设计 16

3.1 PLC的特点 16

3.2 PLC控制电梯的优点 17

3.3 电梯控制系统的设计 17

3.4 可编程控制器(PLC)的选型 18

3.5 电机调速系统的设计 19

3.6 设计思路 20

3.6.1 电梯控制系统实现的功能 20

3.6.2 点数的分配及机型的选择 21

第五章 系统软件开发 28

5.1 电梯的自检状态 28

5.2 电梯的正常工作状态 28

5.3 系统的软件开发过程 28

5.3.1 电梯初始化环节 28

5.3.2 内呼信号的登记与消除环节 29

5.3.3 外呼信号的登记与消除环节 30

5.3.4 开关门环节 32

图5.8 开门环节梯形图 34

5.3.5 电梯位置的确定与显示 34

将Q0.0的输出选择成为 35

5.4 程序框图设计 36

第六章 总结与展望 37

6.1 电梯发展展望 37

参考文献 38

致谢 39

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