论文总字数：18682字

摘 要

反渗透膜是在高与溶液渗透压下，利用别的物质不可通过膜而将这些物质与水分开。而由于反渗透膜的的孔径特别小所以可以有效除去较小的物质，反渗透膜具有水质好，能耗少，无污染，工艺简单等条件而反渗透膜中最常用的就是聚酰胺反渗透膜

本实验使用界面聚合的方法，界面聚合的方法指的是在两种互不相溶，分别溶解有两种单体溶液的界面上（或界面有机相一侧）进行缩聚反应叫做界面聚合。反应所得的聚合物不溶于溶剂，在界面析出。界面聚合适用于不可逆的缩聚反应。对单体纯度和量比要求不高溶剂消耗量大，设备利用率低，可用于酯高熔点聚合物聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯等。

间苯二胺和1.3.5苯三甲酰氯进行反应时可以形成两种结构一直是直线形另一种是网状形。1.3.5苯三甲酰氯中有三个酰氯基团可以进行反应，其中的两个与胺基相结合生成酰基，使聚合物分子链增长，剩下的第三个酰氯基团可能与水分子发生水解反应生成羧基，也可能与另一条链的端胺基作用而发生交联

关键词：反渗透膜 界面聚合 聚酰胺反渗透膜

Interfacial polymerization preparation of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane of basic research

Abstract

The reverse osmosis membrane is under high osmotic pressure and solution, using other material not these substances is separated from water by membrane And as a result of the reverse osmosis membrane aperture small so can effectively remove the minor matter, reverse osmosis membrane has good water quality,The condition such as less energy consumption, no pollution, simple process and reverse osmosis membrane is the most commonly used of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane.

This experiment using the interfacial polymerization method, interfacial polymerization method refers to the two kinds of mutual miscibility, respectively dissolved there are two kinds of monomer solution interfaces (or interface on one side of the organic phase) on the polycondensation reaction is called interfacial polymerization. Reaction of the proceeds of the polymer insoluble in the solvent, precipitation in the interface. Interfacial polymerization is suitable for the irreversible polycondensation reaction. Of monomer purity and quantity is greater than demand is not high solvent consumption, and low utilization rate of equipment, can be used for ester high melting point of polymer polyamide, polycarbonate and so on.

M-phenylenediamine and 1.3.5 trimesic acid chloride can be formed during the reaction the two structures has been straight and the other is a mesh shape. 1.3.5 trimesoyl chloride in three chloride groups may be reacted with the amine groups of which two are integrated to form an acyl group, the polymer molecular chain growth, the third remaining chloride groups with water molecules may hydrolyze reaction of a carboxyl group, may also be an amine-terminated chains while another effect crosslinking

Key Words: Nanofiltration membrane; ceramic membranes; atomic layer deposition

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 3

1.1 反渗透膜 3

1.1.1 水资源现状 3

1.1.2 反渗透膜发展 3

1.1.3 醋酸纤维素反渗透膜........................................................................4

1.1.4 聚酰胺反渗透膜 5

1.1.5 膜的性能术语 6

1.1.6 复合膜的结构 6

1.2 界面聚合 7

1.2.1 界面聚合原理 7

1.2.2 界面聚合成膜机制 7

1.2.3 成膜原理 8

第二章 实验部分 9

2.1 实验材料、试剂和设备 9

2.2 实验内容 10

2.2.1 溶液配置 11

2.2.2 试验流程 12

2.2.3 实验条件 13

2.2.4 热处理原因 13

2.2.3 膜的渗透和截留性能测试 13

第三章 结果与讨论 14

3.1 七组实验数据 14

3.1.1 第一组热处理温度的影响 14

3.1.2 第二组热处理时间的影响 14

3.1.3 第三组MPD和TMC比例为12.5的影响 15

3.1.4 第四组MPD和TMC比例为13的影响 16

3.1.5 第五组MPD和TMC比例为13.5的影响 16

3.1.6 第六组MPD和TMC比例为14的影响 17

3.1.7 第七组MPD和TMC比例为14.5的影响 18

3.2 膜的形貌与表征 19

第四章 结论与展望 24

4.1 结论 24

4.2 展望 24

参考文献 25

致谢 27

第一章 文献综述

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