论文总字数：22965字

摘 要

本文以鄱阳湖为研究区域，选择长时间序列遥感影像，利用归一化差异水体指数NDWI，并结合GIS技术和人工目视解译技术，对鄱阳湖水体面积进行提取，制作1988-2017年鄱阳湖水体信息专题图，从气象、历史原因对鄱阳湖水体面积变化进行分析。主要结论如下：

（1）每年的十一月到来年的四月份，鄱阳湖进入旱季，水体面积保持在一个较低水平，面积最低值一般出现在二月初。来年的五月份鄱阳湖水体流域开始缓慢扩张，鄱阳湖进入汛期，水体面积可达到3000平方千米，水体面积的峰值出现在八月上旬。鄱阳湖水体面积一年内变化不少于4倍。

（2）鄱阳湖的汛期可以细分为两次。第一次为四到六月份，涨水原因是赣、抚、信、饶、修五条河流的水涌入鄱阳湖，带来了鄱阳湖面积的增大。第二次涨水是在七到九月份，由于长江水势猛涨，导致鄱阳湖水体面积扩大。假设两次汛期有了一定的重叠，就有可能发生洪涝灾害。

（3）从1996年到2002年这段时间，鄱阳湖水体面积处于一个较高水平。这是因为1998年长江特大洪水后国家重点实施退耕还湖政策，所以往后几年水体面积都保持在较高水平。

（4）2005年之后的湖泊面积相对2005年之前较小，说明三峡水利工程对下游的水体面积有一定的影响。因为三峡水利工程导致长江水位下降，进而导致流入鄱阳湖的水量降低。

（5）2004年鄱阳湖水体面积偏小。一是因为鄱阳湖十月份后逐渐进入旱季。二是因为2003和2004年鄱阳湖流域降雨量的减少。

关键词：鄱阳湖 水体面积变化 Landsat 水体提取

Monitoring the change of poyang lake surface area based on Landsat images

Abstract

Based on poyang lake as the study area, this paper choose the long time serial remote sensing image, using the normalized difference water index of NDWI, combined with the GIS technology and the technique of artificial visual interpretation, to extract of poyang lake water area, access to poyang lake water area of thematic map, in 1988-2017 from meteorology, historical reasons of poyang lake water area changes were analyzed.Conclusions are as follows:

(1)From November to April, poyang lake enters the dry season. Its water area remains at a low level.Poyang lake's water basin will slowly expand in May next year. It enters flood season and its water area will reach 3,000 square kilometers. The peak of its water area will be in early August.The water area of poyang lake has changed by at least four times in one year.

(2)The flood season of poyang lake can be divided into two stages.The first time was from April to June. The reason for the increase was that the water from the five rivers in raoxiu5 of ganfu xin flowed into poyang lake, which increased the area of poyang lake.The second rise in water is from July to September, when the Yangtze river rises sharply, causing poyang lake to expand in size.If there is some overlap between the two flood seasons, flood disaster may occur.

(3)Between 1996 and 2002, the water area of poyang lake was at a relatively high level.This is because the state began to implement the policy of returning farmland to lakes after the devastating floods of the Yangtze river in 1998, so the water area remained relatively high in the following years.

(4)The lake area after 2005 is smaller than that before 2005, which indicates that the three gorges water conservancy project has certain influence on the water area of the downstream.Because the water level of the Yangtze river has dropped due to the three gorges project, the amount of water flowing into poyang lake has decreased.

(5)In 2004, the water area of poyang lake was relatively small.First, poyang lake enters the dry season after October.The second reason is the decrease of rainfall in poyang lake basin in 2003 and 2004.

Key Words: poyang lake;change of water area;Landsat;Water extract

目 录

摘要 1

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 研究内容和技术路线 4

第二章 水体提取的理论与方法 5

2.1 典型地物的光谱特征 5

2.1.1 水体的光谱特征 5

2.1.2 植被的光谱特征 6

2.1.3 裸地的光谱特征 6

2.2 归一化差异水体指数NDWI 7

第三章 鄱阳湖面积提取 9

3.1 研究区概况 9

3.1.1 自然地理概况 9

3.1.2 水文概况 9

3.2 Landsat影像数据收集 10

3.3 遥感数据预处理 12

3.3.1 辐射校正 13

3.3.2 大气校正 13

3.4 NDWI方法提取水体 14

3.5 鄱阳湖面积计算 19

3.6 成果汇总 20

第四章 鄱阳湖面积变化分析 25

4.1 年内鄱阳湖水体面积变化分析 25

4.2 年间鄱阳湖水体面积变化分析 27

第五章 结论与展望 29

5.1结论 29

5.2不足与展望 29

参考文献 31

致谢 34

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景和意义

湖泊是水体和陆地之间水循环的关键组成，也是陆地水体的重要存在方式之一。水体资源在很多地方都有着至关重要的用途。所以，对湖泊关键指标的长时间序列监测有很大的作用^［1，2］。鄱阳湖作为中国第一大淡水湖，对附近居民生活的方方面面都产生着很大的影响，对鄱阳湖持续性地观察可以便于保护鄱阳湖，从而造福当地的居民和生态环境。

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