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摘要禽蛋产蛋箱与智能收集装置设计

自五千多年前，家禽养殖便在中国出现。随着工业技术的革新，传统的手工作业逐渐被机械作业取代，在中国也出现了一些能够自动收集禽蛋的设备。智能化的养殖业机械设备可以大幅度提升产业效能，为国家农业经济长足发展提供硬件条件。但目前我国禽类养殖场尚未完全实现智能生产，在禽蛋拾取作业以及禽蛋的分级包装作业中仍无法完全由机械替代人工操作，这也就导致了禽蛋的收集效率和分级精确度不高，且消费者购买的禽蛋新鲜程度大大降低。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，对蛋类产品的质量要求也更高。本文针对网床养殖的禽类，提出了一种集智能产蛋箱与自动分级包装装置于一体的仿生学禽蛋收集装置的设计。通过对禽蛋的物理特性进行分析，保证考虑到需减少禽蛋与禽蛋直接的碰撞和禽蛋在轨道上的滚动，在产蛋箱蛋道外侧挡板上铺有柔性硅胶减震，在禽蛋从产蛋箱滚落至铺有硅胶防滑垫的传送带后，由传送带上的重力感应器发出信号，自动触发开启传送带开关，实现同步上料。在进行收集和分级后，机械能够自助装盘。该设计可以提高禽蛋生产者的工作效率，保证禽蛋破损率在允许的区间内，准确对产品分级包装，干净健康，可为禽蛋生产商企业自动化升级提供解决方案。

关键词：产蛋箱；重力感应器；同步上料；频谱特性分析；曲柄摇杆机构

Design of Egg Laying Nest and Intelligent Collection Device

Abstract

Poultry farming has emerged in China since more than five thousand years ago. With the innovation of industrial technology, traditional manual work is gradually replaced by mechanical work, and there are also some equipment that can automatically collect eggs in China.Intelligent mechanical equipments for aquaculture can greatly improve industrial efficiency and provide hardware conditions for the rapid development of national agricultural economy. However, the intelligent production of poultry farms in China has not been fully realized, and it is still unable to completely replace manual operation by machinery in egg picking and grading packaging operations. This leads to the low collection efficiency and classification accuracy of eggs, and the freshness of eggs purchased by consumers is greatly reduced. With the continuous improvement of people #39; s living standards, the quality requirements of egg products are also higher. In this paper, according to the situation of net breeding, a design of bionic egg collection device integrating intelligent egg laying nest and automatic grading packaging device was proposed. Through the analysis of the physical characteristics of eggs, it is ensured that considering the need to reduce the direct collision between eggs and eggs and the rolling of eggs in orbit, the flexible silica gel damping is laid on the outer baffle of the egg laying box. After the eggs are rolled from the egg laying box to the conveyor belt with silica gel anti-skid pad, the gravity sensor on the conveyor belt sends a signal, automatically triggers and opens the conveyor belt switch, and realizes synchronous feeding. After the classification and identification of eggs, the manipulator can self-load the plate. The design can improve the work efficiency of egg producers, ensure that the egg breakage rate is within the allowable range, accurately classify the product packaging, clean and healthy, and provide solutions for the automatic upgrading of egg producers.

Keywords: laying nest; gravity sensor; synchronous feeding; spectrum characteristics analysis; crank rocker

1. 课题研究目的和意义

家禽养殖业作为我国农业领域的一个大产业，在我国已经有近千年的历史。从传统的家庭养殖，到小型的家禽养殖场再发展为供应全国禽蛋销售市场的产业化禽蛋生产企业，禽蛋生产线呈扩大趋势。近年来，人们对美好生活的期望越来越高，禽蛋的市场需求进一步扩大，并且呈现精致化、品牌化的产业发展趋势。由此推动国内家禽养殖领域投入更多精力探索环保、智能的生产模式。智能集蛋箱的出现，极大减少了人工成本，缩短了禽蛋从窝中流入加工生产线的时间。自动化集蛋设备为禽蛋生产企业提供了不可小觑的便利。而我国禽类养殖市场结构由众多中小型养殖场构成，有限的资金无法实现进口设备的使用普及。有些企业中使用的进口设备与发达国家的最新技术相比较为落后，仍采用人工在流水线上进行主要的监控检测与小型机械提供辅助的模式。如此一来，禽蛋收集的效率得不到保证，人工挑蛋的不确定性因素较多，且未能实现显著降低人工工作强度的目标。因此，研发将产蛋箱与智能收集装置构成全自动化生产链的设备，是推动我国禽蛋生产行业进一步发展的关键。