摘 要

排污权交易的出现，为经济迅速发展和因此给环境带来的负面影响之间的矛盾的解决提供了有效手段。我国的排污权试点工作从开展至今也经过了较长时间，但由于客观条件的限制和法律依据的缺失，排污权交易并未能在我国完全发挥其作用。本文从排污权交易的基础——排污权入手，将排污权的法律属性归结为用益物权，对其构成要素和变动方式进行分析研究，并对我国的排污权制度的完善提出行之有效的建议。

本文首先阐述了排污权的法学内涵，对学界现有的关于排污权的含义进行归纳，提炼出排污权的概念，并分析排污权的正当性和存在的合理性。其次将排污权的特性与传统物权和用益物权进行对比，将其法律属性归结为一种新型的用益物权，认为在我国现有的法律制度框架内，将排污权纳入物权体系更加灵活也更有利于发展。再次是通过分析排污权的实现方式，进一步提出排污权基本是适用用益物权的具体内容和变动方式，包括排污权的构成要素，排污权的变动规则，即取得、转让和消灭，借助排污权交易分析排污权在实践中的变动，以及权利受到侵害时的救济。最后就如何完善我国的排污权法律制度提出思考。无论是明确排污权的法律属性，还是建立健全相关法律法规，归根结底是为了能使排污权交易在我国取得应有的效果提供法律保障。因此有关排污权的制度设立应当充分立足实际，总结试点实践的经验，重视排污权的初始分配，建立健全排污权交易二级市场。

关键词：排污权；用益物权；排污权交易

Abstract

The appearance of emission trading is an effective means to solve the contradiction between the remarkable economic development and the negative impact of economic development on the environment. The pilot work on emission right in China has been developed for a long time, but because of the limitation of objective conditions and the lack of legal basis, emission right trading has not been able to fully play its role in China. Emission right is the basis of emission right trading. Starting from the foundation of trading of emission rights —— Pollution Rights, this paper attributes the legal attribute of emission rights to usufructuary rights, analyzes its constituent elements and changing ways, and put forward the effective suggestion to the consummation of our country's emission right system.

This article first elaborated the legal connotation of the emission right, summarized the definition of the emission right in the academic circles, refined the concept of the emission right, and discussed the legitimacy and rationality of the existence of the emission right. Secondly, it defines the legal attribute of emission right, compares the characteristics of emission right with traditional real right and usufructuary right, and defines it as a new type of usufructuary right, it is more flexible and beneficial to bring emission right into real right system. Thirdly, it discusses how to realize the emission right, which basically applies the concrete content and the changing way of the usufructuary right, including the constituent elements of the emission right and the changing rules of the emission right, namely acquisition, transfer and elimination, this paper analyzes the change of emission right in practice by means of emission right trading, and the relief when the right is infringed. Finally, this paper puts forward some thoughts on how to perfect the legal system of emission right in China.Whether it is to make clear the legal attribute of emission right, or to establish and perfect the relevant laws and regulations, it is in the final analysis to provide the legal guarantee for the transaction of emission right to obtain its due effect in our country. Therefore, the establishment of systems relating to emission rights should be based on practice, summarize the experience gained from the pilot project, pay attention to the initial allocation of emission right, and establish and perfect the secondary market of emission right trading.

Key Words：emission right; usufructuary right; emission right trading

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究动态 1

1.2.1排污权在国外的发展 1

1.2.2我国学界对排污权属性的探讨 2

1.3研究思路与研究方法 3

1.3.1研究思路 3

1.3.2研究方法 3

第2章 排污权是用益物权 5

2.1排污权的基本内涵 5

2.2排污权存在的正当性及合理性 5

2.2.1排污权的正当性分析 5

2.2.2排污权存在的合理性 6

2.3排污权是新型的用益物权 6

2.3.1排污权与传统物权的区别 6

2.3.2排污权具备用益物权的特性 7

第3章 排污权作为用益物权的实现 10

3.1排污权的构成要素 10

3.1.1排污权的主体 10

3.1.2排污权的客体 10

3.1.3排污权的内容 11

3.2排污权的取得 11

3.2.1排污权的取得方式 11

3.2.2排污权的取得条件 12

3.3排污权的转让 13

3.3.1排污权转让的主要方式 13

3.3.2排污权转让的原则 14

3.4排污权的消灭和救济 14

3.4.1排污权的消灭 14

3.4.2排污权的救济 15

第4章 完善我国排污权法律制度的思考 17

4.1明确排污权的法律地位 17

4.2重视排污权的初始分配 17

4.3建立健全排污权交易市场 18

第5章 结语 19

参考文献 20

致谢 22

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景

我国经济平稳快速发展的同时，人与社会、人与自然之间的矛盾频繁发生，环境问题层出不穷。我国出现水污染、持久性有机污染等重大环境问题的主要原因就是污染物的排放。排污权是排放者在环境保护行政主管部门规定的限额内向环境排放污染物，且不侵犯其他公共环境权益的权利。排污权作为舶来品，是环境保护法律和实践中非常重要的概念，但我国现行法律制度对排污权的属性没有明确规定。在我国，《环境保护法》、《海洋资源保护法》等立法间接地承认了排污权，20 多个省市开展了试点，积累了许多有益的探索和实践经验。

从事生产经营活动避免不了排污，排污权是相关主体必须享有的一项不可剥夺的权利，是所有人共同享有的重要利益，是直接关系到人民生存和发展的基本权利，在理论上排污权的存在有其合理性，因此也应当上升为法律权利，为法律所调整。