摘 要

沟槽面湍流边界层减阻是目前较为流行的减阻方法，其有着成本低、简单易实现，只需表面加工等特点，而且不易受周围环境的影响。目前该技术以及应用到了航空、航天、体育竞技等诸多领域，对于船舶在航线中的减阻研究来说亦是开启了一个新的途径。

为了减少船舶航行时船体表面的摩擦阻力，基于沟槽表面减阻机理，将船体表面简化为梯形沟槽，本文利用FLUENT对沟槽表面流场进行模拟仿真，分析梯形沟槽表面的流体阻力特性，进而对船舶梯形沟槽减阻特性展开了研究；对梯形沟槽进行建模，确定网格划分原则及边界条件，并确立了物理模型计算器其沟槽表面和光滑表面的阻力特性，在所得数值的基础上，进行了剪切力、湍动能、湍流耗散率等物理量的分析。

论文所完成的有关沟槽表面湍流边界层减阻的机理分析以及数值模拟计算，对将来进一步深入开展该领域的研究工作具有重要的参考和指导意义。

关键词：梯形沟槽；船舶减阻；fluent仿真分析

Abstract

Turbulent boundary layer drag reduction is a popular drag reduction method, which has the advantages of low cost, simple and easy to achieve, only the surface machining and so on, and is not easy to be affected by the surrounding environment. At present, the technology and the application to aviation, aerospace, sports and other fields, for the ship in the course of drag reduction research is also a new way to open.

In order to reduce the navigation of the ship hull surface friction resistance, based on the grooved surface drag reduction mechanism, simplify the hull surface is a trapezoid groove, the fluent simulation of flow field on the groove surface, analysis of fluid resistance characteristics of trapezoidal groove surface, and then the ship ladder shaped groove reducing resistance characteristics studied; of trapezoidal channel modeling, determine the principles of meshing and boundary conditions, and established the physical model of calculator the groove surface and smooth surface resistance characteristics, obtained based, shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate of physical quantity analysis.

The mechanism analysis and numerical simulation on the drag reduction of the turbulent boundary layer on the surface of the trench is very important for the further research in this field.

Key words:trapezoidal Groove；ship drag reduction；fluent simulation analysis

目录

摘要...........................................................................................................................................Ⅰabstract......................................................................................................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪论...........................................................................................................................1

1.1 船舶减阻的研究意义及背景.........................................................................................1

1.2 国内外减阻的方法.........................................................................................................1

1.3 论文的主要工作.............................................................................................................4

1. 湍流边界层减阻性能..............................................................................................5

2.1 边界层的介绍................................................................................................................5

2.1.1 边界层的概念..........................................................................................................5

2.1.2 湍流边界层..............................................................................................................5

2.2 边界层的研究................................................................................................................6

2.2.1 理论研究和实验研究..............................................................................................6

2.2.2 数值模拟法..............................................................................................................7

第三章 数值模拟软件的介绍和应用...................................................................................8

3.1 前处理软件gambit..........................................................................................................8

3.2 计算流体力学软件fluent介绍......................................................................................8

3.2.1 概述.............................................................................................................................8

3.2.2 fluent湍流模型........................................................................................................8

3.2.2.1 标准模型.......................................................................................................8

3.2.2.2 模型....................................................................................................9

3.2.2.3 模型....................................................................................................9

3.2.3 数值模拟方法的求解过程.........................................................................................9

3.3 本章小结..........................................................................................................................9

第四章 梯形沟槽减阻的数值计算.....................................................................................10

4.1 沟槽形状尺寸的确定....................................................................................................10

4.2 物理模型和计算域的设立............................................................................................11

4.2.1 计算域的建立...........................................................................................................11

4.2.2 网格的划分...............................................................................................................12

4.3 边界条件的设置............................................................................................................13

4.4 湍流模型准确性验证....................................................................................................14