摘 要

水凝胶是一类亲水性高分子材料，在水中不能溶解但可以在发生显著溶胀，水凝胶结构呈三维网状。水凝胶可应用在外科手术中，如伤口敷料。水凝胶也可以被用作细胞增殖的支架运用于组织工程。在传统水凝胶基础上做出改善的智能水凝胶在一些领域的应用更加广泛，如：酶的固定，生物工程材料和药物控释等众多方面。光交联水凝胶^[12]是指一些预聚体自身含光敏活性基团，通过紫外光或可见光的照射吸收能量，产生活性碎片，在引发剂作用下单体发生聚合，从而进行交联反应最后形成水凝胶。

壳聚糖来源广泛，价廉易得，并且具备极好的生物相容性，生物粘附性，生物可降解性以及抗菌抗肿瘤免疫增强作用等诸多的物理化学性质，大量的研究表明，壳聚糖在组织工程方面有巨大应用前景。但其分子间及分子中存在大量氢键，其溶解性能差，脆性大，机械性能差，这很大程度上限制了它的应用范围，将壳聚糖与其他合成高分子物质复合制备混合材料，可克服壳聚糖的不足之处。本课题以壳聚糖为起始物，首先进行壳聚糖预处理然后对其进行修饰得马来酰化壳聚糖，再以此为材料，加入含二硫键的交联剂，通过光聚合制备水凝胶。该种类型光交联水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性，无毒，生物可降解等优势，具有良好的应用前景。

关键词：水凝胶；马来酰化壳聚糖；交联剂；光聚合

Abstract

Hydrogels are a type of hydrophilic polymeric material with a three-dimensional network structure that can swell significantly but not dissolve in water. Hydrogels have the advantages of good biocompatibility, high water absorption, good water retention, non-toxicity, etc. They can be used as wound dressings, temporary embolization agents, etc. in surgical operation; they can be used as scaffolds for cell proliferation in tissue engineering. Among them, intelligent hydrogels are widely used in many fields such as drug controlled release, enzyme immobilization and bioengineering materials.

Photocrosslinked hydrogels refer to prepolymers containing photoactive groups which, upon exposure to ultraviolet or visible light, generate active fragments by absorbing energy, acting on initiators to generate free radicals to initiate polymerization of the monomers, thereby effecting cross-linking reactions. Form a hydrogel.

Chitosan is a natural and high-molecular compound with abundant resources and low cost. It has good physical and chemical properties such as good biocompatibility, bioadhesion, biodegradability, and antibacterial and antitumor immunity enhancement. Studies have shown that chitosan can be used as a three-dimensional carrier material for cells in the field of tissue engineering to repair or rebuild lesions.

However, there are a large number of hydrogen bonds between molecules and molecules, which have poor solubility, brittleness, and poor mechanical properties, which limits its application range to a large extent. Composite materials are prepared by combining chitosan with other synthetic polymer materials, can overcome the shortcomings of chitosan. In this thesis, chitosan was used as the starting material, which was modified to obtain maleated chitosan. As a material,a disulfide-containing crosslinker was added to prepare the hydrogel by photopolymerization.This type of photocrosslinked hydrogel has good biocompatibility, non-toxic, biodegradable and other advantages, and has a good application prospect.

Key words: Hydrogels; Maleoyl chitosan; crosslinker; photopolymerizatio

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2 水凝胶介绍 1

1.2.1水凝胶的概述 1

1.2.2智能水凝胶的应用 2

1.3光交联水凝胶 2

1.4壳聚糖 3

1.4.1壳聚糖概述 3

1.4.2壳聚糖及其衍生物的应用进展 4

（一） 创面修复 4

（二） 骨、软骨修复 5

（三） 神经修复 5

（四） 药物释放系统 5

1.5 课题研究的目的与意义、内容 5

1.5.1 课题研究目的与意义 5

1.5.2基本内容 6

第二章 水凝胶的制备 7

2.1主要实验试剂与仪器 7

表2.1 实验试剂 7

表2.2 实验仪器 7

2.2壳聚糖的预处理 7

2.2.1实验原理 7

2.2.2实验步骤 8

2.2.3实验结果与讨论 8

2.3 N—马来酰化壳聚糖的合成 8

2.3.1 实验原理 8

2.3.2 实验步骤 9

2.3.3 结果与讨论 9

2.4 含二硫键交联剂——双丙烯酰胱胺的制备 11

2.4.1实验原理 11

2.4.2实验步骤 11

2.4.3实验结果与讨论 11

2.5水凝胶的制备 13

2.5.1实验原理 13

2.5.2实验步骤 14

2.6本章小结 15

第三章 水凝胶的结构与评价 16

3.1水凝胶的内部结构 16

第四章 结论 17

参考文献 19

附 录 20

附录A：N-马来酰化壳聚糖 20

附录B：交联剂——双丙烯酰胱胺 21

致 谢 22

绪论

1.1引言