摘 要

和尚堡石灰石矿是一座露天矿山，矿山高1225.58m，最低开采标高700m，台段高15m。根据边坡资料得出，所设计的边坡最高可达523米，岩体下段薄层灰岩厚度较大，岩石整体破碎，节理、裂隙发育，对边坡的稳定性影响较大，有必要对边坡的稳定性进行分析。对和尚堡石灰石露天矿已有的地质及设计资料分析整理的基础上，先通过极限平衡法对边坡安全系数进行试算，再用FLAC3D数值模拟法对边坡岩体进行稳定性分析，并提出可行措施对边坡进行优化。主要研究内容及成果如下：

①整理地质勘查资料，研究了解矿山边坡工程地质情况。根据边坡高度对露天矿进行分区，各分区选择一个剖面，作为接下来分析的基础。

②采用极限平衡法中的瑞典条分法和简化bishop法，对设计露天矿边坡的稳定性进行试算分析，得出2个分区的边坡安全系数符合所选取的安全系数1.15～1.3的要求，设计边坡处于稳定状态，满足国家规范要求。

③采用FLAC3D有限元模拟软件导入ANSYS建立的边坡模型进行数值模拟分析，分析其各个方向应力分布情况，并计算安全系数。其结果与极限平衡法都显示边坡整体稳定，边坡稳定性安全系数均符合国家安全规范要求。

关键词：露天矿，极限平衡法，稳定性分析，数值模拟

ABSTRACT

Heshangbao limestone mine is an open-pit mine with a height of 1225.58 m, a minimum mining height of 700 m and a platform section of 15 m high. According to the data of the slope, the maximum value of the designed slope can reach 523 meters, the thickness of thin layer limestone in the lower part of the rock mass is large, the whole rock is broken, the joints and cracks are developed, which has a great influence on the stability of the slope, so it is necessary to analyze the stability of the slope. Based on the analysis and arrangement of the geological and design data of the open pit limestone mine, the safety factor of the slope is calculated by the limit equilibrium method, and then the stability of the slope rock mass is analyzed by FLAC3D numerical simulation method. The feasible measures are put forward to optimize the slope. The main contents and results of the study are as follows:

(1) Collate the data of geological exploration and study the engineering geology of mine slope. According to slope height, opencast mine is partitioned, each section is selected as the basis of next analysis.

(2) By using the Swedish strip method and simplified bishop method in the limit equilibrium method, the stability of the slope designed for opencast mine is calculated and analyzed. It is concluded that the safety factor of the slope of the two subzones meets the requirements of the selected safety factor of 1.151.3. The design slope is in a stable state to meet the requirements of the national code.

(3) The slope model established by ANSYS was introduced into FLAC3D finite element simulation software to analyze the stress distribution in each direction and the safety factor was calculated. Both the results and the limit equilibrium method show that the slope is stable as a whole, and the safety factor of slope stability conforms to the requirements of the national safety code.

Keywords : open pit , limit equilibrium method , stability analysis , numerical simulation

目 录

1. 绪论 5

1.1研究的目的及意义 5

1.2国内外研究现状 5

1.3研究的主要内容 5

1.4研究方法及技术路线 6

2. 矿山工程地质概况 7

2.1矿山位置交通 7

2.2 自然地理及经济概况 8

2.5 矿区地质 8

2.5.1 矿区地层 8

2.5.2 矿区构造 9

2.6 矿体特征 9

2.7 矿床开采技术条件 10

2.7.1 水文地质条件 10

2.7.2 工程地质条件 11

2.7.3 环境地质 11

3基于极限平衡的边坡稳定性试算分析 13

3.1采场边坡结构 13

3.2 边坡工程地质条件 13

3.2.1 岩组划分 13

3.2.2 灰岩岩体工程地质特征 14

3.3 边坡稳定性影响因素 14

3.4分析剖面的选择 14

3.4.1 分区情况 15

3.4.2 所选分析剖面布置 15

3.5极限平衡法分析 16

3.5.1瑞典条分法 16

3.5.2简布(Janbu)法 20

3.5.3理正软件分析 21

4基于FLAC3D软件的边坡稳定性分析 25

4.1 FLAC3D简介 25

4.2模型建立 25

4.3数值模拟及结果分析 26

4.3.1 南部220m边坡数值模拟分析 26

4.3.3 东部523m边坡数值模拟分析 28

5边坡加固措施 31

6结论与展望 32

6.1结论 32

6.2展望 32

7参考文献 33

8致谢 34

绪论

1.1研究的目的及意义

边坡工程是露天矿山开采中的重要工程。矿产资源生与我们生活中的各行各业息息相关。进入21世纪后，经济、工业以及科技各方面的快速发展，各种矿物需求量飞速上升，为满足发展的需要，采矿技术不断的进步，而在采矿中占据重要地位的露天开采更是飞速发展，各种露天矿山生产能力迅速提升，露天矿不断扩建，边坡不断提高，边坡的提高导致边坡失稳现象频繁出现，因而边坡稳定性分析在露天矿上开采中显得尤为重要。本课题研究的目的有：

①针对尚堡石灰石露天矿山的边坡稳定性开展研究，验证边坡的可靠性；