摘 要

Abstract II

引 言 1

1民事案由变更概述 2

1.1 民事案由 2

1.2 民事案由变更的概念及意义 5

2 我国民事案由变更情形 7

2.1 增加或变更诉讼请求 7

2.2 衍生法律关系 8

2.3 起诉的法律关系和实际诉争的法律关系不一致 9

3 我国民事案由变更现状及成因分析 10

3.1 我国民事案由变更的立法现状 10

3.2 我国民事案由变更的司法现状 12

3.3 我国民事案由变更的现状的成因分析 13

4我国民事案由变更的完善 14

4.1 制度完善 14

4.2 程序保障 16

结 语 19

参考文献 20

致 谢 21

摘 要

民事案由，是人民法院将民事案件中的法律关系进行分类后，简要概括民事案件的名称。民事案由的功能独特，不仅关乎民事诉讼程序的进行，还影响着当事人的民事实体权利。^[1]虽然民事案由变更的情形常有出现，但目前仍无统一的法律法规对其进行规定，实践中的做法也有待统一。理论界对民事案由变更也较少关注。本文将从介绍民事案由的基本理论出发，了解我国司法实践中常见的几种变更民事案由的情形，分析我国民事案由变更的现状，最后试图从权利和义务角度，民事案由变更程序给出完善的意见。

文章共分为四个部分：

第一章是民事案由变更概述。本章将简要介绍民事案由的概念、特征及民事案由变更的概念及其意义，在了解民事案由重要性的基础上，挖掘民事案由的独特之处，给民事案由的完善带来些许灵感。

第二章是我国司法实践中民事案由变更的情形。主要从当事人增加或变更诉讼请求、发生衍生法律关系和当事起诉的法律关系和实际诉争的法律关系不一致三种情形，来具体分析民事案由的变更。

第三章是我国民事案由变更现状及成因分析。通过学者对民事案由变更的研究，了解当今民事案由变更的立法现状和司法现状。希望能在了解我国民事案由变更的现状的基础上，分析造成当今民事案由变更困顿的现状的原因，并发现民事案由变更制度及程序的缺陷。

第四章是我国民事案由变更的完善 。从引起民事案由变更的原因出发，提出完善民事案与变更制度的设想。试图通过完善民事案由变更的程序来保障当事人相关的实体的权利和统一法官处理民事案由变更的做法，

文章比较全面地介绍了民事案由及民事案由变更的基本理论，也对民事案由变更的现状及原因做了简要分析，并仔细分析了司法实践中四种民事案由变更的情形，提出了关于民事案由变更的制度的设想以及对民事诉讼程序的完善的建议。但本文对民事案由变更的理论介绍不够体统全面，对民事案由变更的现状了解还不够全面，提出的完善民事案由变更的设想还不够成熟。

关键词：民事案由；民事案由变更；完善

Abstract

The cause of civil action is the name of the civil case that can classifies legal relations and briefly summarize civil cases. The function of the cause of civil action is unique, not only related to the conduct of civil proceedings, but also related to the parties’ civil rights. However, in the civil judicial practice, there are often cases of changes in the cause of civil action. However, there are still no unified laws and regulations to stipulate them. The practice also needs to be unified. There is less research on the change of the cause of civil action. This article will start with the introduction of the basic theory of the cause of civil action, analyze the change of civil cause of action, find several situations that lead to change the cause of civil action in judicial practice, and finally try to give some suggestions.

The article is divided into four parts:

The first chapter is an overview of the changes of the cause of civil action. This chapter will briefly introduce the concepts and characteristics of the cause of civil action and the classification of the cause of civil action changes. Based on the understanding of the importance of determining civil cause of action, it will excavate the uniqueness of the cause of civil action.

The second chapter is the situations of the change of the cause of civil action in the judicial practice. It mainly discusses from three parts: the increase of the parties or the change of the litigation request, the occurrence of derivative legal relations, and the legal relationship between the prosecution legal relationship and the actual dispute.

The third chapter is the analysis of the current situation and causes of the change of the cause of civil action. Through scholars' research on the changes on it, we can understand the legislative status and judicial status of the current the cause of civil action. I hope that I can figure out the reasons for the status quo of the cause of civil action .And found the lack of changes in the cause of civil action.

The fourth chapter is the improvement of the cause of civil action. I will try to propose the idea to ​​perfecting the cause of civil action. Trying to protect the rights of the parties and to unify the judge’s practice through the improvement of civil procedure.