MQ4025门机变幅机构变频调速电气系统设计毕业论文
2021-04-06 21:48:41
摘 要
港口门座式起重机在港口装卸作业中具有重要的地位,几乎所有港口都配备门座式起重机。近年来,我国集装箱运输发展迅速,需求带动发展,多用途变频控制门座起重机大量装备我国的一线港口,为我国贸易和经济发展做出巨大贡献。门座起重机通用性较强,只需要改变吊具,就可以对散货、木材、集装箱等材料进行抓取。起重机机械快速进步的同时催化了控制技术的发展,PLC加变频器的组合的到更广泛的使用。在各行业专业人员的努力下,PLC控制,变频调速逐渐成熟并得到大规模的运用,使得门座式起重机的变频控制走上了快车道。电力传动使用性能更好的交流电机,变频器的优良控制性能得到更进一步的发展。
本文针对MQ4025门座式起重机变幅机构的电气系统,讨论如何用电气系统控制机械运动。本文PLC为核心,采用PLC和变频器来达到控制门座式起重机的变幅运行,粗略介绍门座式起重机的整体电器系统,着重讨论了门机的变幅机构的控制过程、保护原理。现在模块化技术的比较成熟,利用现有的设备,讨论如何对各电器的选型,系统工作的稳定性以及保护系统的设计。本文简单介绍了门座式起重机的变频系统,使用可编程控制器与变频器的组合,对门座式起重机的变幅系统进行了设计。门座起重机的变幅运行是我文中的重点,文中采用PLC控制变频调器,从而达到速度控制的目的。本文的设计借鉴已有的门座式起重机变幅机构,旨在为未来设计类似电气系统积累一些实践经验。
关键词:起重机;PLC;变频调速
Abstract
The portal crane plays an important role in port loading and unloading. Portal crane is equipped in almost all ports. In recent years, China's container transport has developed rapidly, demand driven development companion, multi-purpose frequency conversion control portal crane equipment a large number of China's first-line ports, for China's trade and economic development has made tremendous contributions. Portal crane has strong versatility. It can grasp bulk cargo, wood, container and other materials by changing the hanger. The rapid progress of crane machinery has catalyzed the development of control technology, and the combination of PLC and frequency converter has been widely used. At the same time, frequency conversion technology, PLC, computer control and communication technology are gradually maturing with the efforts of all walks of life, which makes the electronic control level of port crane develop rapidly. The AC motor with better performance of electric drive and the excellent control performance of frequency converter have been greatly developed.
Aiming at the electric system of the luffing mechanism of MQ4025 portal crane, this paper discusses how to control the mechanical movement with the electric system. This paper takes PLC as the core, uses PLC and frequency converter to control the luffing operation of portal crane. The overall electrical system of portal crane is briefly introduced. The control process and protection principle of luffing mechanism of portal crane are emphatically discussed. Based on the maturity of modularization technology, the selection of electrical appliances, the stability of system operation and the reliability of protection system are discussed. In this paper, the development of frequency conversion speed regulation system of portal crane is summarized. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is taken as the control core, and the control system of portal crane is designed as a whole. The variable amplitude operation of portal crane is the focus of my paper. The frequency converter is controlled by PLC, so as to achieve the goal of speed control. The design is based on the existing portal luffing mechanism, which has accumulated some useful experience for the design and development of automatic control of similar electrical systems.
Key Words:Crane;PLC;Frequency control
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 门座式起重机概述 1
1.2 设计目的 2
1.3 变幅调速现状 2
1.4 意义 3
第2章 门机参数及变幅机构 4
2.1 MQ4025门座起重机主要技术参数 4
2.2 门座起重机的变幅机构 4
2.2.1 门座式起重机变幅机构 4
2.2.2 臂架自重平衡 4
2.2.3 变幅机构的驱动 5
2.3 变幅机构电机选型 6
2.4 本章小结 7
第3章 变频调速系统的设计 8
3.1 电气元件的选型 8
3.2 变频器选型 8
3.2.1 变频器 8
3.2.2 选择变频器 8
3.2.3 变频器控制方式的选择 9
3.3 变频器频率指令给定方式 9
3.4 本章小结 10
第4章 PLC控制系统的设计 11
4.1 可编程控制器(PLC) 11
4.1.1 PLC的概述 11
4.1.2 为什么选择可编程控制器来做控制 11
4.2 MQ4025门座起重机变幅电气所需实现功能 11
4.2.1 主令控制器 13
4.2.2 欧姆龙PLC的通道地址选择 13
4.3 CX-Programmer编程软件 14
4.3.1 安装CX-P编程软件 14
4.3.2 CX-P编程软件的主要功能 15
4.3.3 编程步骤和方法 15
4.3.4 程序的检查与下载 17
4.4 PLC程序 19
4.4.1 PLC梯形图 19
4.4.2 PLC程序 20
4.4.3 程序仿真结果 20
4.4 经济性 21
4.5 附录说明 22
4.6 调速过程分析 22
第5章 变幅机构设计总结 24
5.1 本文工作总结 24
参考文献 25
附录 27
致谢 38
第1章 绪论
1.1 门座式起重机概述
门座起重机由于我国港口事业的快速发展而发展起来的,对我国的港口运输具有深远的影响,也是我国对外贸易重要支柱转运机械。门座起重机由于其通用性,几乎在所有码头都有运用,码头对货物的装卸,大型机械制造厂的工件的组装,都是其运用的领域。对于门座式起重机,除了其主体结构,变幅机构是其最主要的工作机构,特别是港口,每天需要千次的运行。门座式起重机现阶段全机都采用电力驱动,这为PLC和变频器的运用提供了较大的舞台,在此背景下,起重机的电气设计变得十分重要。门座式起重机由电缆通过外部电网供电,大机构的电机通常采用380V的交流电,电机使用三相交流驱动的感应电机驱动。