摘 要

水轮机发电机组性能足够好的水轮机调速系统才能够满足机组安全正常运行的要求。水轮机发电机组和它的控制设备从上个世纪至今有长足的发展，从以前最初的全部进口外国的设备到现在基本上已经完成了国产化。我国的水电站设备制造已经迈到了新的地步。

水电站工程的开发任务是发电、灌溉、防洪、航运等本文详细的介绍了基于GE FC5000主配压阀和微机调节器的调速器设计过程与分析。通过对水水轮机发电站的研究，本文介绍了关于大型水电站调速器中液压控制部分和油压装置的选型计算。对调速器液压系统原理图的设计步骤和方法，集成块的设计步骤和方法等做了详细的研究分析。水轮机调速器使用两个电磁比例阀作为系统的电液转换器，电液转换器顾名思义是将电气信号转换为液压信号的放大装置，主配压阀接受放大后了液压信号继续放大动作。本文中选用三台螺杆泵轮换启动，防止螺杆泵启动频繁导致使用寿命降低。

我国调速器普遍应用了双冗余的设计思想，且实际应用取得了很好的实验效果。本文在调速器电液转换时应用了双冗余的设计。所选用的调速器和PID技术相结合，提高调速器的调节能力，增加调节的准确性和稳定性。根据大数据统计表明，调速器故障基本上都是由于液压油被污染所导致的，本文中采取了一系列的清洁方法来保证系统中的液压油都是清洁的。此外，设置一个事故压力油罐来专门给事故配压阀供油，这样可以避免在工作压力油罐在发生失压等故障时机组能够安全停机。本文在调速系统发生故障时都设置了一些相对应的处理方案，希望能够得到完善指正。

关键词：水轮机调速器；主配压阀；事故配压阀；集成块；油压装置

Abstract

Hydraulic Turbine Speed Regulation system is the Auxiliary Control system of hydraulic Turbine Generator set.As an important auxiliary system of turbine generator set, only the excellent working performance can ensure the safe operation of the unit.The turbine generator set and its control equipment have made great progress since last century. Since the original import of all foreign equipment in the past, it has basically been made in China. The successful operation of the giant units of the Jin sha River Xiang jia b a Hydro power Station in 2012 indicates that the manufacture of hydro power equipment in China has entered a new stage.

The development task of hydro power station project is power generation, irrigation, flood control, shipping and so on. This paper introduces in detail the design process and analysis of governor based on GE FC5000 main pressure distribution valve and microcomputer regulator.Combined with the governor of hydraulic turbine power station, this paper introduces in detail the design and selection calculation method of the mechanical and hydraulic part of the large governor and the design and selection of the oil pressure device, and introduces the design steps and methods of the schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the governor. Design steps and methods of governor hydraulic integration block. The hydraulic turbine governor designed in this paper adopts two solenoid proportional valves as electro-hydraulic media, is a first-class hydraulic amplifier, the main pressure distribution valve is used as the two-stage magnifying element, and three screw pumps are used to start alternately. Prevent damage caused by frequent start-up of a single screw pump.

The design idea of double redundancy has been widely used in governor in our country, and good experimental results have been obtained in practical application. In this paper, the double redundancy design is applied to the electro-hydraulic conversion of governor.The adaptive variable parameter PID regulation law is used in this governor, which can improve the regulation quality of the governor.The data show that 70% of the faults about the governor are caused by the pollution and deterioration of the hydraulic oil in the system. In this paper, a series of cleaning methods are adopted to ensure that the hydraulic oil in the system is clean.In addition, considering that the pressure tank of the governor is caused by the misoperation of the pressure supply device of the safety valve, such as the flight of the pressure loss unit of the hydraulic system, an accident pressure tank is specially set up for the accident pressure distribution valve under the fault to ensure the safety of the oil. In this paper, some corresponding treatment schemes are set up when the speed regulation system fails, which hope to have certain reference significance for the design of hydraulic turbine governor hydraulic system.

Keywords: hydraulic turbine governor; main pressure distribution valve; accident pressure distribution valve; integration block; oil pressure device

目录

1绪论 1

1.1水轮机发电组控制的应用背景 1

1.2水轮机调速系统原理 2

1.3国内外水轮机调速器发展现状 3

1.4设计的目的与主要内容 5

1.5本章小结 6

2水轮机调速器机械液压原理 7

2.1 调速器功能 7

2.2 调速器油压装置原理 8

2.3 调速器电液随动系统工作原理 10

2.4本章小结 11

3调速器油压装置及其配套装置选型及计算 12

3.1油压装置选择标准 12

3.2调速器工作压力罐和事故压力罐的容积计算 13

3.3 回油箱设计 15

3.4组合阀设计 17

3.5本章小结 19

4调速器电液随动系统设计 20

4.1电液转换器选型 20

4.2液压集成块设计 21

4.3本章小结 22

5调速系统辅助设备选型 23

5.1水轮机调速器事故配压阀设计 23

5.2纯机械过速保护装置 24

5.3本章小结 25

6 研究成果与展望 26

研究成果 26

展望 27

致谢 27

参考文献 28

第1章绪论

1.1水轮机发电组控制的应用背景

随社会不断的进步，电力资源的使用涉及到的层面越来越多，现代文明的生活发展离不开电能，因此需要更多的电能产生来满足人类生产生活需要。选用更高效更清洁的发电方式变得十分重要。较之水电而言，火力发电消耗其它能源的更大，单位转换率低而且会对环境造成污染。水力发电则不同，转换效率高且水动力获取较为简单还不会对环境造成污染。除了电能更便宜，它还有很多其他的作用，例如防洪灌溉，带动附近经济，给其它地区提供电能输送方便。经过几十年的发展，在我国水电站的总容量已经达到4亿千瓦以上。根据统计表明，我国现今有超过5.5亿千瓦的水电站容量。一大批水电站的成功运行，增加了大量的社会效益。水电站的建成，虽然耗费资金大但是带来的回报更大，对当地的经济和生态环境都有改善作用。

图1-1水轮机