摘 要

投篮机作为电子娱乐产品的代表，其内部集成了大量的元器件，共同组成了这么一个功能强大的产品。本文按照课题要求完成一个投篮机的硬件平台搭建，并结合软件进行联机调试，直至完成所有功能。此次设计主要运用到了单片机的知识、电路知识和一些常用外围硬件的知识，比如数码管，光电传感器与直流电动机等。在这个娱乐空间日益受限，而人们在工作学习之余渴望通过某些娱乐方式来缓解自身的压力的背景下。本课题的意义就是要解决这个尴尬局面，设计出来的投篮机既能有效节约用地，又能有效释放压力，并且在这个过程中达到检验四年学习成果的目的。

设计初期根据任务需求进行总体方案设计，设计出满足要求的硬件方案。方案的选择应当建立在一定的可行性调研基础上，如果方案可行，就可以根据设计要求完成总体方案设计。本论文通过分析投篮机受欢迎的原因，论述了多种设计方案，对方案中的各个单元电路进行了必要的理论分析和试验论证。在综合考虑可靠性、可维护性、成本等要求后器件才被选中。以51单片机为主的设计方案是本次设计最适合的核心控制系统，数码管、直流电动机、光电开关等外围设备在51单片机的控制下，能实现投篮机机的显示计分功能和模拟篮球机篮筐的移动。本文设计的投篮机趣味性强，可有效缓解人们的压力，还能起到锻炼身体的效果。

关键词：篮球机硬件平台；51单片机；方案设计；硬件单元电路

Abstract

As a representative of the electronic entertainment products, the shooting machine integrates a large number of components and components together to form such a powerful product. In this paper, according to the requirements of the subject to complete a shooting machine hardware platform, and software debugging online, until all the functions.The design is mainly used to microcontrollers’ knowledge, circuit knowledge and some commonly used peripheral hardware knowledge, such as digital tubes, photoelectric sensors and DC motors, etc. In this entertainment space is increasingly limited, and people in work and study, eager to alleviate their own pressure through some entertainment to the background. The significance of this project is to solve this embarrassing situation. The designed shooting machine not only saves land effectively, but also releases pressure effectively, and achieves the purpose of checking the achievements of the four year study in this process.

In the early stage of the design, the overall design of the project is carried out according to the task requirements, and the hardware program is designed to meet the requirements. The selection of the scheme should be based on certain feasibility investigation. If the scheme is feasible, the overall scheme design can be completed according to the design requirements. If the scheme is feasible, the overall scheme design can be completed according to the design requirements. In this paper, through the analysis of the reasons for the popularity of the shooting machine, a variety of design options are discussed. The necessary theoretical analysis and experimental proof of each unit circuit in the scheme are carried out. After considering reliability, maintainability, cost and other requirements, the device is selected. The design scheme is based on a 51 microcontrollers is the core of the control system of this design is the most suitable, digital tube, DC motor, photoelectric switch and other peripheral equipment in the control of 51 microcontrollers, mobile scoring function and simulation machine can realize the basket basketball shooting machine machine. The shooting machine designed in this paper is interesting and can effectively relieve people's pressure, and can also play a role in exercising.

Key Words：Basketball machine hardware platform；51 Microcontrollers；Conceptual design；Hardware unit circuit

目录

第1章 序言 1

1.1概述 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

第2章 需求分析与设计方案论证 3

2.1 需求分析 3

2.2 设计方案 3

2.3方案论证 5

2.3.1 单片机选型 5

2.3.2传感器的选择 5

2.3.3 电机的选择 6

2.4本章小结 7

第3章 单元电路设计 8

3.1单片机最小系统的设计 8

3.1.1 STC89C52单片机的结构与原理 8

3.1.2 STC89C52单片机的引脚及功能 9

3.1.3 STC89C52单片机最小系统 11

3.2显示电路 14

3.2.1 数码管的结构与动态显示驱动 14

3.2.2 显示电路总体设计 16

3.3传感器电路的设计 16

3.3.1 光电传感器 16

3.3.2 光电传感器电路设计 17

3.4电机驱动电路的设计 18

3.4.1 直流电动机 18

3.4.2 直流电机驱动控制技术 19

3.4.3 直流电机驱动电路的设计 21

3.5本章小结 21

第4章 电路仿真及调试 22

4.1篮球机整体电路原理图 22

4.2篮球机整体电路仿真图 23

4.2.1光电开关电路测试 24

4.2.2电机驱动电路测试 25

4.2.3显示电路测试 26

4.2.4 游戏模式选择测试 26

4.3硬件实物 26

4.4本章小结 27

第5章 总结及展望 28

致谢 29

参考文献 30

第1章 序言

1.1概述

篮球运动源于美国，是美国的一名体育老师詹姆士·奈史密斯发明的。几年之后，篮球运动在中国开始出现，继姚明之后，易建联、王治郅、孙悦等国内篮球明星加入到NBA。篮球运动具有以下几个特点：

⑴ 集体性：篮球不是一个人的比赛，它有各种团队玩法，比如3Vs3、5Vs5，都需要每名队友之间团结协作，相互配合的精神。

⑵ 对抗性：在篮球运动持续时间里，两队往往上演攻防大战，双方你来我往，需要每一名参与者集中精力来回奔跑、连续起跳，做一些防止让对方得分的有效行动。

⑶ 观赏性：篮球比赛中，远动员们经常要做运球，传球，投篮等动作，一张一弛间都是艺术，不时还会上演抢断、扣篮和封盖等令人热血澎湃的神迹。比赛结果是无法准确预知的，正因为这样，比赛持续到最后一秒都是精彩绝伦的。