6061铝合金CMT焊接焊缝成形规律的研究毕业论文
2021-03-22 22:28:14
摘 要
现代制造工艺的发展方向为结构简单化和轻量化,尽量节省材料。6061铝合金是可热处理强化铝合金的一种,因其密度小,比强度高、良好的耐蚀性和焊接性,所以成为工艺开发的热门材料。6061铝合金是新能源汽车电池组放置盒采用的轻型材料,由厚度不等的6061铝合金采用CMT焊接技术焊接而成。6061铝合金CMT焊接的焊缝成形是保证焊接质量的重要方面,因此研究6061铝合金CMT焊接焊缝成型规律具有重要理论意义和实用价值。
借助武汉艾森威尔科技有限公司的强大平台,本论文主要研究了焊接电流和焊接速度这两个参数对6061铝合金CMT焊接接头焊缝成形规律的影响。具体表现为焊缝熔深、焊角和焊缝均匀性的变化。具体方案是采用设置一系列参数控制梯度,做若干个实验样品,通过单独控制电流和单独控制焊接速度来实现。最后,通过比较不同焊接参数的焊缝质量,可以得到参数变化之于6061铝合金CMT焊接焊缝的变化规律。
研究表明:焊接焊速一定时,随着焊接电流增大,熔深、焊角均增大;焊接电流一定时,随着焊接焊速增大,熔深、焊角均减小。在实验条件下:侧板在电流160A,焊速60cm/min和电流170A,焊速80cm/min;时,熔透。当电流150A,焊速60cm/min时,获得最大熔深1.34mm。当电流150A,焊速120cm/min时,获得最小熔深0.76mm。当电流150A,焊速60cm/min时,获得最大焊角5.28mm。当电流130A,焊速100cm/min时,获得最小焊角2.40mm。在实验焊接参数下,所得的焊缝成形良好,焊缝均匀,没有明显缺陷,外形美观性较好。
本文的特色:研究的课题具有实际应用背景,能够很好的将所学的理论知识用于实际,做到学以致用。从理论的基础来研究实际问题,通过实际案例来提升理论,可操作性和实际价值较强。
关键词:6061铝合金;冷金属过渡焊接;焊缝形态;成形规律
Abstract
The development direction of modern manufacturing process for the structure of simple and lightweight, as far as possible to save material. 6061 aluminum alloy is a heat treatment to strengthen the aluminum alloy, because of its small density, high strength, good corrosion resistance and weldability, so become a hot material for process development. 6061 aluminum alloy is a new energy vehicle battery pack box using lightweight materials, ranging from the thickness of 6061 aluminum alloy welding using CMT welding technology. 6061 aluminum alloy CMT welding seam forming is an important aspect to ensure the quality of welding, so the study of 6061 aluminum alloy CMT welding weld forming law has important theoretical significance and practical value.
With the help of Wuhan Eisenwell Technology Co., Ltd., this paper mainly studies the influence of welding parameters and welding speed on the forming rule of 6061 aluminum alloy CMT welded joint. Specific performance for the weld penetration, welding angle and weld uniformity changes. The specific scheme is to use a set of parameters to control the gradient, do a number of experimental samples, through a separate control of current and separate control of welding speed to achieve. Finally, by comparing the weld quality of different welding parameters, we can get the change rule of the 6061 aluminum alloy CMT welding seam.
The results show that when the welding speed is constant, the welding depth increases with the welding current increasing. When the welding current is constant, the welding depth increases and the welding depth decreases as the welding speed increases. Under the experimental conditions: the side plate in the current 160A, welding speed 60cm / min and current 170A, welding speed 80cm / min; When the current 150A, welding speed 60cm / min, the maximum penetration depth of 1.34mm. When the current 150A, welding speed 120cm / min, the minimum penetration depth of 0.76mm. When the current 150A, welding speed 60cm / min, the maximum welding angle of 5.28mm. When the current 130A, welding speed 100cm / min, the minimum welding angle of 2.40mm. Under the experimental welding parameters, the obtained welds are well shaped, the weld is uniform, there is no obvious defects, the appearance is better.
The characteristics of this article: the subject of practical research has a practical background, can be a good theoretical knowledge to be used in practice, so that apply their knowledge. From the theoretical basis to study the practical problems, through practical cases to enhance the theory, operability and practical value is strong.
Key words: 6061 aluminum alloy; cold metal transition welding; weld shape; forming rule
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 6061铝合金概述 1
1.1.1 6061铝合金的主要元素及其作用 1
1.2 6061铝合金焊接现状 1
1.3 本文研究的背景及意义 2
1.3.1 课题研究背景 2
1.3.2 本课题研究的主要内容 3
1.3.3 本课题研究的目的及意义 4
第二章 CMT焊接技术 5
2.1 CMT焊接技术的发展和机理 5
2.2 CMT焊接的工艺特点及应用 6
2.3 CMT焊接设备及其作用 7
2.4 CMT焊接参数变化及调节 9
2.5 CMT焊接技术的研究现状 10
2.6 CMT焊接技术的发展前景 11
第三章 实验材料、设备及方法设计 13
3.1 铝合金CMT焊接实验材料 13
3.2 铝合金CMT焊接实验设备 13
3.2.1 焊接所用设备 13
3.2.2 其他设备 14
3.3 铝合金CMT焊接实验方法 14
3.3.1 焊接实验 14
3.3.2 试样处理及测量 16
第四章 6061铝合金CMT焊接焊缝成形规律及分析 18
4.1焊接相关参数对焊缝宏观形貌的影响 18
4.1.1 焊接速度对焊缝宏观形貌的影响 18
4.1.2 焊接电流焊缝宏观形貌的影响 19
4.2 焊接相关参数对焊缝熔深影响 20
4.2.1 焊接速度对焊缝熔深的影响 21
4.2.2焊接电流对焊缝熔深的影响 23
4.3 焊接相关参数对焊缝焊角影响 24
4.3.1 焊接电流对焊缝焊角的影响 25
4.3.2焊接电流对焊缝焊角的影响 26
第五章 结论与展望 27
参考文献 28
致 谢 29
第1章绪论
1.1 6061铝合金概述
6061铝合金是铝镁硅系铝合金,是属于6XXX系铝合金系列。在生产过程中,经热处理预拉伸工艺,从而获得高品质铝合金。其密度相对于钢材较小,比强度较高。此外,铝合金在加工性能、焊接工艺性、电镀性、抗腐蚀性、韧性、和加工稳定性方面都有良好性能[1]。除此之外,铝合金表面致密,无缺陷少、抗氧化性能优良。由于铝合金独特优势,具有较高强度和抗蚀性,因此广泛应用于制造卡车、塔式建筑、船舶、电车等各种工业结构件。
1.1.1 6061铝合金的主要元素及其作用