摘 要

在当今社会，雷达应用于社会中，并且有着极其重要的地位。在实际的应用过程中，调频连续波雷达有着如下的优点：较高的距离分辨率，较低的发射功率，不存在探测盲区，较强的抗干扰能力，较低的硬件实现难度，在各个领域中的地位越来越重要，因此研究调频连续波雷达是很有必要的。

本文通过查找许多国内国外的资料和参考文献，首先对调频连续波雷达的系统是如何组成的以及它的测距原理进行了一定程度上的了解，仔细分析了调频连续波雷达的发射信号、接收信号以及差拍信号，并使用matlab进行了信号仿真;然后着重分析了在无外界干扰的情况下如何对差拍信号进行处理，从而可以得到比较精确的差拍信号主频，然后根据理论计算出距离，分别对传统的快速傅里叶（FFT）算法、谱最大值估计算法、Chirp-Z算法以及拟合法这几种算法的原理和实现方法进行学习研究，并且通过这几种算法实现对差拍信号的处理，然后经由matlab仿真直观的得出差拍信号的主频然后通过数学计算出待测目标距离等信息。

通过采取不同的雷达参数设置以及不同的目标距离设置，分别通过使用上述4种算法来获得差拍信号的主频，进而计算出与待测目标的距离，比较测距结果。仿真结果显示出在相同情况下传统的快速傅里叶算法所得到的目标距离误差相对来说有一些偏大，而谱最大值估计算法、Chirp-Z算法以及拟合法这几种改进的算法都能够有效地降低误差率;并且无论使用哪一种算法处理差拍信号，在其他条件相同的情况下与目标的距离越远，精度越高；调频带宽越大，精度越高。

关键词:差拍信号，调频连续波雷达，算法，精度

Abstract

In today's society, radar is used in society and has a very important place. In the actual application process, the advantages of FM continuous wave radar are: high distance resolution, lower transmission power, no detection blind spot, strong anti-interference ability, lower hardware implementation difficulty, in various fields Has a more and more important position, so the study of FM continuous wave radar is necessary.

In this paper, through the search of many domestic and foreign information and literature, first of the FM continuous wave radar system is composed of how and its distance from the principle of a thorough understanding of the FM continuous wave radar analysis of the signal, the received signal and the beat And then the signal simulation is carried out. Then, the paper analyzes how to deal with the beat signal under the ideal situation, so that the accurate distance information can be obtained. For the traditional fast Fourier (FFT) algorithm, the spectral maximum Estimation algorithm, Chirp-Z algorithm and fitting method. The algorithm is used to realize the processing of the beat signal, and the frequency of the beat signal is obtained by simulation. Measuring the target distance and other information.

Through the different radar parameter settings and different target distance settings, respectively, by using the above four algorithms to obtain the frequency of the beat signal, and then calculate the distance information, compare the distance measurement results. The simulation results show that the target distance error obtained by the traditional fast Fourier (FFT) algorithm is relatively large under the same conditions, and the improved algorithm of Chirp-Z algorithm, spectral maximum estimation algorithm and fitting method are Effectively reduce the error rate; and no matter what kind of algorithm to deal with the beat signal, in other conditions the same circumstances with the target distance, the higher the accuracy; FM bandwidth, the higher the accuracy.

Keyword: beat signal, FMCW radar,algorithm, accuracy

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2雷达的研究与应用现状 2

1.3论文主要工作和安排 3

1.4本章小结 4

第二章 三角波性调频连续波雷达的基本原理 5

2. 1调频连续波雷达系统的结构 5

2. 2三角波调频连续波雷达的测距原理 6

2. 3本章小结 8