摘 要

本论文通过分析某大型船舶的电机轴承摩擦磨损情况，通过软件模拟电机轴承磨损前后的应力分布情况，在摩擦磨损问题上做了深入研究，寻找了一种观察摩擦磨损变化的方法。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对电机轴承的基本工况进行了动态模拟，得到了轴承工作面的应力场分布，本课题的研究为轴承的结构优化、安装维护和疲劳寿命分析提供了依据，对于机械密封结构合理设计、工况条件优化、材料评价选择以及提高使用性能等都有重要意义。

本文针对电机轴承磨损问题，首先介绍了摩擦磨损方面国内外的研究现状以及存在的问题；其次，在对实体模型简化的基础上利用solidworks建立了3D模型；然后介绍了有限元理论基础，并在一定假设的基础上利用ANSYS将3D模型转换为有限元分析模型；此外，对模型的其他参数进行了定义，边界条件设定为非线性弹性接触、网格类型设定为六面体网格；在参数设定结束后对有限元模型进行网格划分并施加载荷，分别求解转速为0、100rad/s、200rad/s时的应力与变形情况；最后通过求解结果，分析在不同转速下轴承应力的分布情况，从而得到不同转速下的磨损状况。模拟结果表明，轴承的最大应力分布在轴承内侧，且随着电机主轴转速的增大而增大，即轴承内侧的磨损比外侧严重，且磨损程度随主轴转速的增加而加剧。

关键字：磨损；有限元；ANSYS；应力

Abstract

In this paper, by analyzing the friction and wear of the motor bearing of a large ship, the stress distribution of the bearing before and after wear is simulated by software, and the method of friction and wear is studied. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to simulate the basic working condition of the motor bearing, and the stress field distribution of the bearing face is obtained. The research of this subject provides the basis for the structural optimization, installation and maintenance and fatigue life analysis of the bearing. Sealing structure reasonable design, working condition optimization, material evaluation options and improve the use of performance and so on are of great significance.

In this paper, based on the problem of motor bearing wear, the research situation and existing problems of friction and wear are introduced. Secondly, the 3D model is established based on the solid model. Then, the finite element theory is introduced. On the basis of some assumptions, ANSYS is used to transform the 3D model into a finite element analysis model. In addition, the other parameters of the model are defined, the boundary condition is set to nonlinear elastic contact, the grid type is set to hexahedral mesh; After the setting, the finite element model is meshed and the load is applied to solve the stress and deformation at the speed of 0,100 rad / s and 200 rad / s. Finally, the distribution of the bearing stress at different rotational speeds is analyzed by solving the results The situation, so as to get different speed under the wear conditions. The simulation results show that the maximum stress of the bearing is distributed inside the bearing and increases with the increase of the spindle speed of the motor, that is, the wear inside the bearing is more serious than the outside, and the wear degree increases with the increase of the spindle speed.

Key words：Wear；Finite element；ANSYS；Stress

目 录

摘 要 ....................................................................................................................... Ⅰ

Abstract ................................................................................................................... Ⅱ

第1章 绪论 ..............................................................................................................1

1.1 选题背景及意义...............................................................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状 ...........................................................................................1

1.2.1 国外研究现状 ..........................................................................................1

1.2.2 国内研究现状 ..........................................................................................2

1.2.3 目前存在的问题 ......................................................................................3

1.3 论文的主要内容 .............................................................................................3

第2章 电机轴承模型及参数设置............................................................................5

2.1 引言...................................................................................................................5

2.2 电机轴承模型...................................................................................................5

2.2.1模型建立前的基本假设.............................................................................5

2.2.2 模型的建立................................................................................................6

2.3 边界条件的设定...............................................................................................6

2.3.1 非线性型....................................................................................................6

2.3.2 弹性接触....................................................................................................7

2.4参数设置............................................................................................................7

2.5本章小结............................................................................................................7

第3章 有限元模型的分析过程................................................................................8

3.1 有限元分析法简介...........................................................................................8

3.2前处理................................................................................................................8

3.2.1 定义网格类型............................................................................................8

3.2.2 设定接触对................................................................................................9

3.2.3 网格划分...................................................................................................10

3.3 加载与求解......................................................................................................11