1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

In all the great American writers, Hermingway in a unique way is known by many people. So I looked up a great deal of litersture to discover the 7/8 meaning made by Hermingway. There are four kinds of female images in Hermingway#8217;s novels: firstly, the honest and sincere women; secondly, disappointed unruly and persuit of freedom women; thirdly, kind-hearted and dougthy female; lastly, the female who want to control men (Jiang, 2014). I mostly support this point because there are different female roles in different novels. For example, Jig in the Hills like White Elephants is a sincere and clever girl, but Margaret in The Short Happy life of Francis Macomber is a tough woman who want to control her husband. Meanwhile, some people consider that Hermingway#8217;s female characters are as fresh and beautiful as nature, and they are always have a pure chacracter and natural but full of mystery(Zhou, 2007). It seems like Zhou hold different points toward the Hermingway#8217;s female character, he gave us the example of Jig in Hills like White Elephants, as a woman she forbears the America man insisit doing abortion and we can sense the barriers, gaps and alienation between the couples. Next let us talk about the cat in the rain. What did the American wife like? In the begining of the novel, the wife stood at the window and look outward. On the one hand, whatever she does she wants to please her husband, and wants her husband to love her. She wants the hair the way he likes. She has the clothes he likes, and she dresses up for him. On the other hand, she is disappointed by him. She can not get warmth, love, passion from her husband, but motionless and indifference(Zhou, 2013). The American wife is a lonely, vacuous woman but she is the represent of that time. Hermingway is not always a writer of masculinity as regard by critics(Zhou,2013). In his novel, he also depicts some females to show his view of feminism. After reading this novel, most of us will consider that George was cold for his wife and not care about her, but there are different opinions toward the American husband. They are the same side of supporting the feminist movement because the husband support his wife active independently, but the wife was contradictory that she wants to act individually and hope to get help from her huasband to show his love.(Zhang, 2016). The American wife was a pathetic and lonely woman in this novel. I think the couple#8217;s marriage problem is very obvious and both of them chosed to escaped from their problem. As to the Jig in Hills like White Elephants, some people consider that she was scared for the operation so she refused the American man. But I support the view that she wants to become a mother and protect her baby. As the story goes on, we can observe the raising of Jig#8217;s women consciousness that it is from a state of dependence to helplessness, hopelessness and finally into be an independent female(Lin, 2010). So it is obvious that Jig was not just afarid the operation but she hopes protect her own rights. At the begining of the novel the girl didn#8217;t refused her man at all and even submitted to the American man but finally she became to an independent female. Jig was a sincere and clever girl, she take her own methods to refused her boyfriend and try to protect her baby, from a dependent girl to an independent girl. Margaret in The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber was a woman who are cruel to her husband and she was very selfish. She became the main role that most researchers critic because she was a carnal woman(Yang, 2014). She is a very venomous woman because she cheated in her marriage and eventually killed her husband. She doesn#8217;t like her husband at all, Francis obviously knew that she ike his money so she cheated him many times.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Above all, a detailed reading of the original work and its Chinese version is the first and the most important step of the study, which directly affects the level and the quality of the analysis. The task of the first-round reading is to know the basic plot of Cat in the rain, Hills like White Elephants, The short happy life of Francis Macomber. After having a vague impression on the plot, the task of the second-round reading is to pay attention to the major and direct description of the female, such as the appearance depictions, psychological depictions and behavior depictions. During the last reading, some indirect description hiding in the plot development and setting depictions become the key point. Important sentences and words need to be recorded during the whole reading. We should discover more from Hermingway#8217;s novel by ourselves because he always hide 7/8 of novel meaning in the book. Also, relative references like papers written by bachelors and professors are required, which contribute to the writing of the thesis. Meanwhile, my supervisor offers me with many useful advice, which do help me prepare for the study. Obviously, reading books, taking notes, collecting excessive material, and discussing with my supervisor are the main methods of this study. The thesis contains three parts. Background information fills the first part, with the introductions to the author, Alice Munro, and to the books, Cat in the rain, Hills like White Elephants, The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. Personal experience, writing style, literary achievement and masterpieces of the authors will be included. A brief plot summary will also be touched. literature review and the purpose of the thesis are to be concluded in the next part. As the main body of the thesis, the second part starts with the analysis of the image of female characters that restricted by social and family. Accordingly,the discussion of the image of female characters will be launched in the following part. In contrast with studies analyzing female characters from different perspective, this study will prove the female roles moulded by Hermingway have devided many parts. In order to demonstrate the difference among the three novels, this part is to be divided into different perspectives. Part three will draw a conclusion to the whole thesis and the personality characteristics of female characters in the three novels. Analysing different female characters in Hermingway#8217;s books then certisfy what I said.