1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Literature Review Studies related to discourse analysis and Hamlet have been always conducted by many researchers from their own perspectives. Foucault#8217;s theory of discourse is said to be the most influential in the post-structuralist thought in France. On the one hand, the theory of discourse highlights the function discourse performs in constructing subjectivity and the reality; on the other hand，it aims to reveal the symbiotic relation between the power and knowledge behind discourse． Ge Qiongke analyzed the heroin of The Loons with Foucault#8217;s theory. The heroin suffered from gender oppression and racial discrimination. Thus she lost discourse both in her family under the control of patriarchy and in the society under the control of Canadian mainstream culture. By analyzing the character, Ge Qiongke showed the impact of power to discourse. The power not only cast her earlier life in the shade, but also made her later rebellion in vain. So according to Ge Qiongke, more attention can be paid to the discourse analysis of women in Hamlet. Additionally, Tang Yingling expressed similar ideas in her study, as well as mentioned a word ”aphasia” to illustrate such a phenomenon. Although feminists have increasingly found Foucauldian theories effective for examining issues associated with female, the concept of masculine hegemony remains dominant in masculinity research. Questions of concern are also discussed with respect to how the concept of hegemonic masculinity has been used in studies of masculinity. It is suggested that the concept of masculine hegemony does not simply refer to a dominant form of masculinity but is underpinned by particular understandings of power that some may find problematic. In the paper of Cristian Zagen, the writer focused on the relationship between discourse and power/knowledge. He wrote that discourse,in Foucault's usage, has little to do with language. Instead, it is related more with the notion of discipline, which can be referred both as a scholarly discipline and also as disciplinary institution of control. The foucauldian concept of discourse relates more to bodies of knowledge, which can be identified to specific periods of time and pinpointed in specific places. To be able to describe discursive rules we need to turn our attention to the specific historical conditions. This brings us to the notion of event and how, no matter how important or small it is historically, it must always happen under certain conditions of possibility. Therefore, following this logic, discourse always manifests in relationship with what Foucault's calls power relations.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

Methods and Procedures of the Study To analyse the famous tragedy Hamlet, the most fundamental step is to read the whole text through and underline some sentences for further consideration. Before this step, I also read the synopsis of the five acts to get a general idea of the story. Apart from the original text of Hamlet, appreciation of the play, its influence and its religious interpretation, those pieces of background information are also a necessity. Needless to say, it is a must to read relevant thesis by others, which provided me with the specific application of Foucault#8217;s theory. To have a better understanding of the theory, I browsed Foucault: A Very Short Introduction by Gary Gutting. As we can tell from the name, the book concisely introduces Foucault#8217;s experience in his life and his main ideas. Since ideas of one philosopher is highly interrelated, this book helped me to find out the inner relations between different theories. For example, the book mentioned archaeology and genealogy which, to some extent, explained the power and discourse theory at its source. My thesis consists of four parts. The first part is an introduction to Shakespeare and his works, as well as Michel Foucault and his books. The second part is the literature review of both Hamlet and the power and discourse theory, where summaries of previous studies will be made. The third part comes to the detailed discourse analysis of Hamlet. And I will be discussing the power of the males, the power of a king, and the power of a father, which also reveals how these identities influence people#8217;s discourse. Part four will draw a conclusion of the study.