摘 要

环境法上的区域限批，是中央政府面对严峻的环境保护执法现状自创的环境保护措施，带有极强的中国特色，是构成中央政府加强敦促地方政府严格执行环境法律制度的重要措施。区域限批在法律明文规定以前就已经在实践中被广泛运用，而此次环保法的修改使得区域限批成为真正意义上的“法律手段”，自此，区域限批有了明确的基本法律规定。区域限批与环境污染总量控制、环境影响评价制度有着密切的联系，后者是前者实施的前提和基础。过去十年间，环评区域限批频频出手，作为“点中地方要害”的杀手锏，对治理环境污染、打击环境违法地区和企业有着立竿见影的效果。但该制度的实施是否能够有效地实现环境保护的任务有巨大的讨论空间，其次并对申请人的权利冲突和张力之间的环境影响评价，需要深入思考的区域环境审批制度以及改革和完善的方向，环保执法措施。本文从区域限的基本理论、区域限批的实施现状、区域限批存在的问题以及改革的方向等方面对区域限批进行探讨。

关键词 ：污染物总量控制；环境影响评价；行政许可；法律救济；

Study on regionnal xianpizhi in environmental law

Abstract

Environmental law on the regional limited batch system, the central government is facing severe environmental protection measures of environmental protection law enforcement status of their own, with a strong Chinese characteristics, which is an important measure to strengthen the central government urged local governments to strictly enforce the environmental law system. "The provisions of the 2 paragraph of the People's Republic of China environmental protection law" article forty-fourth: "for more than the national pollutant emission control targets or did not complete the national environmental quality objectives identified in the area, the provincial people's government environmental protection departments shall suspend the approval of its new environmental impact of key pollutant emission evaluation of the construction project files." Regional limited batch system in law had been widely used in practice, and the environmental protection law makes the regional limited batch system to become a true sense of the "legal methods", since then, regional restrictions have basically clear legal provisions. The system is closely related to the total amount of environmental pollution control and the system of environmental impact assessment. The latter is the premise and basis for the implementation of the former. Over the past ten years, the EIA regional limited batch system frequently shot, as a "point in the local key" killer, for the treatment of environmental pollution, environmental violations and enterprises against the region has an immediate effect. But the implementation of the system is able to effectively realize the task of environmental protection has a huge space for discussion, and secondly between environmental impact conflict and tension on the applicant's evaluation, need to think deeply about the regional environmental approval system and the reform and improvement of the direction of environmental protection law enforcement measures. From the basic theory of regional restriction degree, the implementation of regional limited approval system, the problems existing in the system and the direction of reform, this paper discusses the system of limiting the number of regional limits.

Keywords: Total pollution control; Environmental impact assessment; Administrative license; Legal remedy

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

一、区域限批基本理论概述 2

（一）区域限批的定义 2

（二）区域限批的立法沿革 3

（三）区域限批的内容 4

二、区域限批制度实施现状及存在的问题 7

（一）我国环境区域限批制度的实施现状 7

（二）区域限批制度有限制竞争之嫌 7

（三）区域限批制度有违不当链接禁止之嫌 8

（四）区域限批制度有违行政许可法之嫌 10

（五）区域限批之受害人缺乏有效的法律救济 11

三、环境法上的区域限批制度的改革构想 12

（一） 完善环境资源的行政许可制度 12

（二）赋予相对方程序性救济 12

（三）严格界定区域限批制度适用条件 13

（四）构建全方位多层的监督机制 13

（五）建立区域限批制度的多方磋商机制 14

结 语 16

参考文献 17

致 谢 19

引言

环境问题毫无疑问是本世纪最引人关注的问题之一。伴随着经济的高速发展，环境作为其牺牲品已经逐步的显示出了它的威力。近些年来，大范围、大规模、高速率扩张的---酸雨、臭氧层破坏、气候变暖、大规模生态破坏、突发性环境污染事故.....正在一次又一次的冲击着我们赖以生存的空间，仅就我们国内近3年的大规模环境问题的爆发已经难以统计，从2014年的兰州水污染事件、汉江武汉段水质出现氨氮超标、腾格里沙漠排污，2015年安徽巢湖大片蓝藻聚集、天津港8·12爆炸事故，常州外国语学校污染事件.....这些突发或频发的事实都在用带血的数字持续触动着我们敏感的神经，同时也在触动着我们生存土地敏感的神经。环境保护刻不容缓！