20MW凝汽式汽轮机热力设计毕业论文
2022-06-14 21:34:40
论文总字数:14466字
摘 要
本课题是对某20MW凝汽式汽轮机组进行热力设计。从提高电厂的经济性入手,证明在当前国家能源政策形势下汽轮机组存在的必要性与合理性,以求达到“节能降耗,环境保护”的目的。在提高其经济性的同时还要保证该机组的实用性和安全可靠性。因此在设计之前,要先查找一些文献资料,然后对汽轮机的蒸汽系统、汽轮机级的热力等进行计算,如除氧器的抽汽量,凝结水量,汽轮机装置的热经济性,级热力参数的选择,各能量损失计算等;同时对其通道部分进行选型以及对其级数进行确定。通过进行汽轮机热力计算,能系统掌握汽轮机的理论知识,将理论知识更好地应用到实际工作中,很好地锻炼学生独立思考的能力。整个设计完成后,证实了我们的设计在拥有适用性和安全可靠性的前提下确实能够提高发电厂的经济性,达到“节能降耗,保护环境”的目的。
关键词:汽轮机 节能 热力计算 热力系统
ABSTRACT
This topic is a 20MW condensing steam turbine thermodynamic design.Starting from the economy to improve plant,it proves that situation exists Steam Turbine necessity and reasonableness in the current national energy policy,in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.We will improve its economy while also ensuring practicality, safety and reliability of the unit.So before designing,we must find some of the literature first,then calculate the steam turbine system, the turbine stage thermodynamic,such as the extraction flow oxygen, the condensation of water, choosing hot economy turbine device level thermal parameters, each of the energy loss calculation.At the same time, we also can decide the part of the selection of its channel and its progression.By performing thermodynamic calculation Turbine,,you can master the theoretical knowledge Turbine,apply the theoretical knowledge to practical work in the better way,improve students’ ability of the independence.After the whole design is completed,it confirmed that the economy is indeed possible to improve our design has applicability in the context of safety and reliability of power plants,so we can achieve the purpose of the "energy saving, environmental protection.
Keywords: Turbine; Energy; Thermodynamic Calculation; Thermal System
目 录
摘 要…………………………………………………………………………………1
- 绪论…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1设计任务……………………………………………………………………1
1.2热力设计的内容及要求……………………………………………………1
第二章 20MW凝汽式汽轮机热力设计……………………………………………2
2.1汽轮机热力过程线的拟定…………………………………………………3
2.2汽轮机进汽量估算…………………………………………………………4
2.3抽汽回热系统热平衡初步计算……………………………………………4
2.3.1给水温度的选取…………………………………………………… 4
2.3.2回热抽汽级数的选择…………………………………………………5
2.3.3除氧器工作压力的选择………………………………………………5
2.3.3回热系统图的拟定……………………………………………………5
2.3.4各加热器汽水参数计算………………………………………………5
2.3.6回热系统热平衡初步计算………………………………………… 6
2.4阀杆漏气量与轴封漏气量估算蒸汽…………………………………… 9
2.4.1主汽阀阀杆漏气量的计算………………………………………… 10
2.4.2调节汽阀阀杆漏气………………………………………………… 10
2.4.3前轴封漏气………………………………………………………… 10
2.4.4后轴封漏气………………………………………………………… 11
2.5调节级的选择与计算…………………………………………………… 11
2.5.1基本参数………………………………………………………………11
2.5.2动叶部分计算………………………………………………………15
2.5.3级内其他损失的计算………………………………………………17
2.5.4级效率与内功率的计算……………………………………………18
2.6压力级的级数确定和比焓降分配…………………………………………19
2.6.1第一压力级直径的流量……………………………………………19
2.6.2第一压力机直径的确定……………………………………………19
2.6.3末级直径的确定……………………………………………………19
2.6.4非调节级级数的确定………………………………………………19
2.6.5平均理想焓降的计算………………………………………………20
2,7抽汽压力调整……………………………………………………………22
2.8汽轮机各部分汽水流量和各项经济指标计算……………………………23
2.8.1重新计算汽轮机各段抽汽量………………………………………23
2.8.2汽轮机汽耗量计算及流量校核……………………………………25
2.8.3汽轮机热耗量、热耗率……………………………………………26
2.8.4绝对电效率…………………………………………………………26
结 论…………………………………………………………………………………28
致 谢…………………………………………………………………………………29
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………30
第一章 绪论
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