论文总字数：27564字

摘 要

能源是人类生存与发展的物质基础。随着全球经济的高速发展与人口的迅速增长,能源需求与消耗持续增加。世界面临着巨大的能源危机，但是工业领域依然存在着大量的浪费。因此，工业领域的节能尤为重要。

电力工业是国民经济发展的基础与保障。汽轮机作为电力生产的重要设备，在各行业中起着十分重要的作用。汽轮机效率的提高能够减少能源的浪费并相应增加电力这一高品位能量的产出。本设计“57MW凝汽式汽轮机热力设计”正是基于这样的现实背景。

本设计进行汽轮机的热力计算及通流部分的结构设计。本汽轮机采用回热循环。汽轮机是通过它的级将蒸汽的热能转变为机械能的机械。汽轮机的级是由喷嘴叶栅和动叶栅组成的。汽轮机的级中，蒸汽流动的通道构成了汽轮机的通流部分。它在喷嘴叶栅中将热能转变成为动能,然后在动叶栅中将动能转变成为机械能。汽轮机具有功率高，转速大的优点。

设计过程中，首先选择设计的基本参数，通过选定的参数拟定汽轮机热力过程线并估算汽轮机的进汽量；根据抽汽回热系统进行热平衡计算；然后估算漏汽量，进行调节级的选择与计算与压力级设计并调整抽汽压力；最后计算汽轮机各部分汽水流量和各项热经济指标。

关键词：级，通流部分，汽轮机

Thermodynamic Design of 57MW

Condensing Steam Turbine

ABSTRACT

Energy is the material basis for human survival and development.With the rapid development of the global economy and the rapid growth of the population,the demand and consumption of energy continue to increase.The world is facing a huge energy crisis,but there are still a lot of waste in the industrial field.Therefore,it is particularly important to save the energy.

Electric power industry is the foundation and guarantee of national economic development.As the important equipment of electric power production,steam turbine plays an important role in every industry.The improvement of steam turbine efficiency can reduce the waste of energy ang increase the output of the high grade energy.The design “Thermodynamic design of 57MW condensing steam turbine”is based on the reality background.

The design of the thermal calculation of steam turbine and the structure of the design of the flow passage.The steam turbine adopts the back heat cycle.The steam turbine is transformed into mechanical energy by its grade.The turbine stage is composed of the nollze cascades and the moing cascades.In the steam turbine stage,the steam flow passage constitutes the steam turbine flow section.In the nozzle cascade,the thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy.and then the kinetic energy is changed into mechanical energy.Turbine with high power and large speed adantages.

In the design process,choosing the basic parameters at the first.According to the parameters selected,the condition curve is formulated and the amount of the steam turbine is estimated;according to the extraction steam heat recovery systems for heat balancecalculation;then the leakage of steam is estimated,and the selection and calculation of the adjustment level and the pressure level of the steam turbine turbine are designed and adjusted.Finally,calculating turbine the steam water flow and the index of economic.

Key words:Stage,Flow Passage,Steam Turbine

目录

摘要..........................................................................................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................Ⅱ

第一章绪论...............................................................................................................3

1.1选题的背景及意义.....................................................................................3

1.2国内外发展及研究现状………………………………………………….3

1.2.1国外发展及研究现状………………………………………………..3

1.2.2国内发展及研究现状………………………………………………..4

1.3汽轮机热力设计过程…………………………………………………….6

1.3.1汽轮机的结构及工作原理…………………………………………..6

1.3.2多级汽轮机的热力设计……………………………………………..6

1.4小结……………………………………………………………………….7

第二章 57MW凝汽式汽轮机热力计算………………………………………...8

2.1设计基本参数选择……………………………………………………….8

2.1.1汽轮机类型…………………………………………………………..8

2.1.2基本参数……………………………………………………………..8

2.1.3其他参数……………………………………………………………..8

2.1.4相对内效率的估计…………………………………………………..8

2.1.5损失的估计…………………………………………………………..8

2.2汽轮机热力过程线的拟定……………………………………………….8

2.3汽轮机进汽量估算……………………………………………………….9

2.4抽汽回热系统热平衡初步计算…………………………………………10

2.4.1给水温度的选取…………………………………………………….10

2.4.2回热抽汽级数的选择……………………………………………….10

2.4.3除氧器工作压力的选择…………………………………………….10

2.4.4回热系统图的拟定………………………………………………….10

2.4.5各加热器汽水参数计算…………………………………………….11

2.4.6回热系统热平衡计算……………………………………………….14

2.5阀杆漏汽量与轴封漏汽量核算…………………………………………18

2.5.1主汽阀阀杆漏汽量的计算………………………………………….18

2.5.2调节汽阀阀杆漏汽量的计算……………………………………….19

2.5.3前轴封漏汽……………………………………………………… …20

2.5.4后轴封漏汽………………………………………………………….22

2.6调节级的变工况核算…………………………………………………....23

2.6.1基本参数…………………………………………………………….23

2.6.2调节级详细计算…………………………………………………….24

2.7压力级的近似核算………………………………………………………30

2.7.1第一压力级的流量………………………………………………….30

2.7.2第一压力级直径的确定…………………………………………….30

2.7.3末级直径的确定……………………………………………………30

2.7.4非调节级级数的确定………………………………………………30

2.7.5画图并校核修改……………………………………………………33

2.8抽汽压力调整……………………………………………………………34

2.9重新列汽水参数表………………………………………………………34

2.10汽轮机各部分汽水流量和各项热经济指标计算……………………..36

2.10.1重新计算汽轮机各段抽汽量………………………………………36

2.10.2汽轮机汽耗量计算及流量校核……………………………………39

2.10.3汽轮机热耗量和热耗率……………………………………………40..

2.10.4绝对电效率………………………………………………………....41

2.11压力级详细计算………………………………………………………...41

第三章总结与展望………………………………………………………………...44

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………...45

致谢………………………………………………………………………………...47

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