论文总字数：18800字

摘 要

本文所设计的水冷器结构是管壳式换热器。换热器是用于两种流体在不同温度下进行热交换为目的的机械装置。通过这种设备，实现热量由高温流体向低温流体的转移，可以使流体达到指定温度以满足工艺的要求。在工业上有各种换热器，然而在换热器的分类中管壳式换热器可能是最常用、最普遍的换热器，因为它不仅结构简单，而且换热效率高、易清洗等优点。

本文主要介绍了水冷器的热力学计算和水冷器相关的设计过程。第一部分是绪论，主要包括管壳式换热器的工作原理、基本类型、强化传热及其设计。第二部分是热力学计算，结构计算和强度校核等方面，本文所使用的换热器设计标准是参照国标或其他权威的设计手册而得，以保证设计的合理性和准确性。

关键词：水冷器 管壳式换热器 设计

Design of the Water Cooler

ABSTRACT

The water cooler designed in this article is the Shell and Tube Type heat exchanger. Heat exchanger is a mechanical device which is used for the purpose of exchange of heats between two fluids at different temperatures. With this equipment, heat transfer from the high temperature of the fluid into the low, so the fluid can reach the specified temperature to meet the process requirements. There are various types of heat exchangers available in the industry, however the Shell and Tube Type heat exchanger is probably the most used and widespread type of the heat exchanger’s classification. This high degree of acceptance is due to the simple structure, high in thermal efficiency, easy cleaning methods, etc.

The thermodynamic calculation of water cooler and related design process have been introduced in this paper. The first part is the exordium, mainly including the working principle of the shell and tube heat exchanger, classification, strength and design. The second part is the thermodynamic calculation, the content of structure calculation and the intension checking, etc. Heat exchanger design manual used in this article is referring to GB or other authority to ensure the rationality and accuracy of the design.

Keywords: Water Cooler ;Shell and tube heat exchanger; Design

目 录

摘要.............................................................. I

ABSTRACT.......................................................II

第一章 绪论.......................................................1

1.1引言.........................................................1

1.2管壳式换热器的基本原理和结构.................................1

1.3管壳式换热器的基本类型.......................................2

1.4管壳式换热器的强化传热.......................................3

1.5管壳式换热器的设计...........................................5

第二章 管壳式水冷器的热力计算..................................7

2.1设计参数.....................................................8

2.2流体的物理性质...............................................8

2.3传热量及平均温差.............................................9

2.4传热面积及传热面结构.........................................9

2.5管程计算....................................................10

2.6壳程结构设计与计算..........................................10

2.7所需传热面积................................................13

2.8阻力计算....................................................14

第三章 管壳式水冷器的热补偿...................................16

3.1给定参数....................................................16

3.2换热器所受的应力............................................16

3.3温差应力....................................................17

3.4拉脱力......................................................18

3.5热补偿措施..................................................18

第四章 管壳式水冷器的结构设计.................................19

4.1壁厚的确定..................................................19

4.2封头的设计..................................................19

4.3接管外伸长度...... .........................................19

4.4接管与筒体、管箱的连接......................................19

4.5排气口......................................................20

4.6最小接管位置................................................20

4.7管板结构设计................................................21 4.8接管法兰设计................................................21

4.9管箱法兰设计................................................22

4.10折流板的设计...............................................23

4.11换热管的固定与排列................. .......................23

4.12支座的设计.................................................23

第五章 管壳式水冷器的强度校核.................................25

5.1给定参数....................................................25

5.2液压试验....................................................25

5.3封头应力校核................................................25

结语..............................................................26

参考文献.........................................................27

致谢..............................................................29

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