论文总字数：22045字

摘 要

随着工业生产的日渐发达，人类生活的质量品质也在不断提高，但是也加剧了对环境的污染，尤其一些大型企业大量污染物的排放，不仅破坏了环境，而且也造成了能量的损失。我国虽然能源总量储备丰富，但能源消耗需求巨大，而能源总量又是有限的。因此，节约能源、提高利用率便显得当务之急。

在实际运用中，余热回收利用有一定的难度。比如锅炉排烟而言，若排烟温度低，采用常规换热器，锅炉尾部受热面中工质与烟气的传热温差减小，传热面积增大，因此在有限空间中布置的管根数多而密，这样就会导致烟气流动阻力增大，金属消耗和设备投资也会相应增加。在实际情况中，排烟温度过低，会使低温受热面的壁温低于酸露点，从而引起受热面金属的严重腐蚀，危及设备的安全运行。因此，选择合适的换热器对余热回收有着重要的意义。

本文致力于高温烟气的余热回收，考虑到热管其结构简单、可操控性强、换热效率高、动力消耗小等优点，因此着重讨论热管换热器的设计，从其热力计算、结构计算、经济性分析等方面并结合实际情况设计出适用于高温烟气余热回收的热管式换热器。

关键词：高温烟气；余热回收；热管换热器；热力计算

Abstract

With the development of industrial production, the quality of human life has been improved, but also aggravate the pollution of the environment, especially in some large enterprises large pollutant emissions, not only damage the environment, but also caused the loss of energy.Although China's total energy reserves are abundant, but the energy consumption is huge, and the total energy is limited. Therefore, energy saving, improve the utilization rate is very important.

In practice, heat recovery with some difficulty. Such as boiler flue gas is concerned, if the exhaust gas temperature is low, the use of conventional heat exchangers, boiler heating surface of the tail of the working fluid and reduce flue gas temperature difference, the heat transfer area increases, so in a limited space of the tube arrangement the number of more dense, which would lead to the flue gas flow resistance increases metal consumption and equipment investment will be increased. In practice, the exhaust gas temperature is too low, low temperature heating surface make wall temperature is below the acid dew point, causing severe corrosion of metal heating surface, endangering the safe operation of equipment. Therefore, select the appropriate heat exchanger for waste heat recovery has an important significance.

This paper is dedicated to the recovery of waste heat of high temperature flue gas, taking into account the heat pipe has the advantages of simple structure, strong operability, high heat efficiency, small power consumption and other advantages, therefore focuses on the design of heat pipe heat exchanger, the thermodynamic calculation, structure calculation, economic analysis and design combined with the actual situation of application in high temperature flue gas waste heat recovery of heat pipe heat exchanger

Key words: high temperature flue gas; waste heat recovery; heat pipe exchanger; thermodynamic calculation

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的和意义 1

1.3 烟气余热回收技术 2

1.4 烟气余热的回收利用装置 3

1.5 热交换器的类型 3

1.5.1 套管式 3

1.5.2 管壳式 4

1.5.3 回转式 5

1.5.4 中间载热体式 5

1.6 用于余热回收的热管式换热器 5

1.6.1 热管工作原理 6

1.6.2 热管的基本特性 6

1.6.3 热管技术利用 7

1.6.4 热管换热器应用 8

1.7 国内外对烟气余热回收系统的研究 9

1.9 结论 11

第二章 热管换热器中温段的热力计算 12

2.1热管原件的基本选择 12

2.2计算传热量Q 13

2.3 冷空气出口温度及对数平均温差 14

2.4 确定迎风面积及迎风面管排数B 14

2.5 求总传热系数 15

2.6 求加热侧总传热面积 18

2.7 求所需热管数n 18

2.8 求换热器纵深排数m 18

2.9 求通过热管换热管的压力降ΔP 18

2.11 求蒸发段热管的最后一排管壁温度t_w^h 22

2.12 强度校核 23

2.13 经济性校核 23

第三章 热管换热器高温段的热力计算 25

3.1 热管原件的基本选择 25

3.2 计算传热量Q 25

3.3 冷空气出口温度及对数平均温差 26

3.4 确定迎风面积及迎风面管排数B 27

3.5 求总传热系数 28

3.6 求加热侧总传热面积 31

3.7 求所需热管数n 31

3.8 求换热器纵深排数m 31

3.9 求通过热管换热器的压力降ΔP 31

3.10 求热管的第一排的管内流体温度t_v 33

3.11 强度校核 34

3.12 经济性校核 34

第四章 结论与展望 36

参考文献 37

致 谢 40

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