论文总字数：22417字

摘 要

众所周知,我国玻璃产业规模庞大，玻璃制造业耗能高并且大量热量被排烟带走，将这部分热量利用起来可给玻璃企业带来可观的经济效益。随着我国对能源，环境方面的要求不断提高，针对目前能源利用率不高，环境问题突出的情况，节制传统粗犷的能源利用方式，提高能源利用率势在必行。因此在当前能源供应紧张的形势下，加强对玻璃窑炉废气的余热回收利用并发挥其在工业产业中的巨大效用是极其重要的。余热锅炉是余热回收的关键设备之一，其在余热回收系统中的地位不可或缺。本篇文章着眼于目前耗能较大，放热量较大的玻璃制造业，以玻璃窑炉的排烟为热源，设计一台与之功率相匹配的立式余热锅炉，产生大量的过热蒸汽驱动发电设备发电。论文共三个章节，依次分别为绪论、立式余热锅炉设计和总结。

本文的第一章是作者的文献综述部分，作者大量阅读相关的文献资料，深入了解国内国外余热回收技术极其发展历程并简要综述。作者从目前玻璃窑炉工业废气的特点入手，通过分析玻璃窑炉废气成分温度等特点，充分阐释了玻璃窑炉废气较大的利用空间。接着讲述国际包括美国、日本、德国等国家余热技术发展现状，以国外余热利用率高反映国内余热资源浪费严重，利用率低。紧接着作者对余热发电进行系统性的概述，并且花费大量篇幅重点介绍立式余热锅炉的特点、现有技术和以及涉及的问题。在本章的最后，作者对余热锅炉的技术发展做了总结并对未来余热锅炉的发展给出了自己的见解。

本文的第二章是余热锅炉的设计和校核部分，也是文章的主体部分，主要涉及到余热锅炉内部的过热器、蒸发器、水预器、汽包以及联箱。在本部分中作者首先给出了需要回收利用的烟气的原始参数以及产汽压力，通过这些原始数据计算出蒸发量和烟气在不同温度下的物性参数。在这些数据都处理完成后，作者开始进行余热锅炉三大换热部件过热器、蒸发器和水预器的热量分配，以保证各换热段换热量处在相对合理的范围内。接下来作者分别对过热器、蒸发器和水预器的结构、热力以及烟气阻力进行了设计和校核。由于汽包是本设计中重要的承压设备，在第二章的后半部分作者对汽包进行了专门的设计计算和强度校核。最后作者对相关联箱进行了强度校核。

本文的第三章为此次设计的总结。作者总结了此次设计的心得体会并对相关指导老师表达诚挚谢意。并由此设计总结如下：

（1）玻璃窑炉废气存在比较高的利用价值，其有效利用是提高能源利用率的理想途径。

（2）余热锅炉的结构形式并不是单一的，锅炉内部过热器、蒸发器和水预器管束结构之间存在相互制约的关系，并且他们的设计必须使其方便安装和运输。

（3）余热锅炉的设计并不是一次完成的，而要通过反复协调，验算才能保证设计内容符合要求。

关键词： 余热锅炉 余热回收 玻璃窑炉 能源利用

The design of 500t/d vertical glass furnace waste heat boiler system

Abstract

As everyone knows, the glass industry scale is large in China. The glass manufacturing industry consumes energy highly and a large quantity of heat is taken away by smoke evacuation. The heat utilization will bring considerable economic benefits to the glass enterprises. As China demands highly on the energy and environment, it is imperative to control the traditional and coarse energy utilization mode and improve energy utilization as for the conditions of low energy utilization and prominent environmental problems. Under the situation of strained energy supply at present, it is vitally important to strengthen the waste heat recovery of glass kiln and play the huge effect in the industry. Waste heat boiler is one of the key equipment of waste heat recovery, and the position in waste heat recovery system is indispensable. With a view of the glass manufacturing industry with large energy consumption and high heat discharge quantity, the paper takes the smoke discharged from glass kiln to design a vertical waste heat boiler matched with its power, and drive the power equipment to generate power through producing a large quantity of superheated steam. The paper is divided into three chapters, namely preface, vertical waste heat boiler design and conclusions.

Chapter I introduces the literature review of the author. The author deeply understands the national and foreign waste heat recovery technology and its development history through reading the relevant literature data. The author analyzes the waste gas composition and temperature of glass kiln starting from the features of industrial waste gas of glass kiln industry, and fully expands the utilization space of waste gas. The author tells the development situation of international waste heat technology (including America, Japan, Germany, etc.) and reflects the serious waste in waste heat and low utilization with higher utilization of waste heat in foreign countries. Next, the author overviews the waste heat power generation, and introduces the features, existing technology and involved problems in vertical waste heat boiler. In the end of the chapter, the author summarizes the technical development of waste heat boiler and presents his own opinions on the future development of waste heat boiler.

Chapter II is the design and check of waste heat boiler, namely the major part of the paper, mainly involving the superheating machine, evaporimeter, water preheater, steam pocket and header in waste heat boiler. In this part, the author firstly gives the original parameters of exhaust gas from the glass furnace, and calculate the evaporation capacity and physical parameters of

exhaust gas under different temperature. After processing these data, the author begins distribute the heat of the superheating machine, evaporimeter, water preheater to guarantee the heat exchange in the reasonable scope. Next, the author designs and checks the structure, heat and smoke resistance of the superheating machine, evaporimeter, water preheater. Because drum is an important bearing equipment in the design, the author conducts special design calculation and strength check on the drum in the second half of chapter II. Finally, the author checks the strength of the header.

Chapter III is the summary of the design. The author summarizes the design experience and expresses thanks to the tutors. The design summary is shown as follows:

（1）The glass kiln waste gas has higher utilization value and the effective utilization is the ideal channel to improve energy utilization.

（2）The structure form of waste heat boiler is not single. The constraint structure of the superheating machine, evaporimeter, water preheater is restricted mutually, and makes their design convenient for installation and transportation.

（3）The design of waste heat boiler is not completed once. The design contents may meet requirements through repeated coordination and inspection.

Key words: Waste Heat Boiler; Waste Heat Recovery; Glass Kiln; Energy Utilization

目 录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ

第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………………1

1.1 玻璃窑炉废气简介………………………………………………………1

1.2 国外余热回收利用现状简介……………………………………………1

1.3 国内余热回收利用现状简介……………………………………………2

1.4 玻璃窑炉余热回收系统…………………………………………………2

1.5 立式余热锅炉……………………………………………………………2

1.6 行业展望…………………………………………………………………4

第二章 立式余热锅炉设计 …………………………………………………5

2.1 烟气物性表………………………………………………………………5

2.2 蒸发量计算………………………………………………………………8

2.3 热平衡计算………………………………………………………………8

2.4 过热器计算………………………………………………………………9

2.4.1过热器结构计算…………………………………………………9

2.4.2过热器热力计算…………………………………………………12

2.4.3过热器烟气侧阻力计算…………………………………………14

2.5 蒸发器计算………………………………………………………………16

2.5.1蒸发器结构计算…………………………………………………16

2.5.2蒸发器热力计算…………………………………………………18

2.5.3蒸发器烟气侧阻力计算…………………………………………21

2.6 水预器计算………………………………………………………………21

2.6.1水预器结构计算 …………………………………………………22

2.6.2水预器热力计算 …………………………………………………24

2.6.3水预器烟气侧阻力计算 …………………………………………27

2.7 汽包计算……………………………………………………………………27

2.7.1汽包结构设计 ……………………………………………………28

2.7.2汽包筒体的强度校核 ……………………………………………28

2.7.3汽包封头的强度校核 ……………………………………………29

2.8下降管中的沿程阻力及局部阻力计算 ……………………………………29

2.8.1下降管沿程阻力计算 ……………………………………………29

2.8.2下降管中的局部阻力计算…………………………………………30

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