论文总字数：19211字

摘 要

水电厂，就是水利发电厂，又叫做水电站。它的基本发电原理是：从河流较高处或水库内引水，利用水压或水流冲动水轮机旋转，将水能转变为机械能，然后由水轮机带动发电机旋转，将机械能转换为电能[1]。

水电厂有很多特点，能够充分利用水的自然能量；发电的成本来源于自然，成本低；运行灵活；水可以通过水库来储存和调节；利用水能的电力最为清洁；水电厂建设要依据地形，成本较高难度也较大，非常依赖周围环境，条件不足的地带无法修建；水电厂通常还有水库的功能，截流等功能会影响当地的生态环境。

本次设计为4×60MW水力发电厂电气部分初步设计，首先要进行电气主接线部分的设计；其次进行短路电流的计算，还有各种设备选择；配电装置和继电保护都要进行仔细的设计，并进行防雷规划。最后绘制主接线及配电装置图。

关键词：水力发电 主接线 继电保护 短路计算

Electrical part of a hydroelectric plant preliminary design

Abstract

A hydropower station is a power plant that converts the potential energy and kinetic energy of water into electricity.Its basic principle of generating electricity is to draw water from a river higher or in a reservoir, using water pressure or water to impulse the turbine to rotate.Conversion of water energy to mechanical energy，then the turbine drives the generator to rotate and converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Characteristics of Hydropower plants：Comprehensive utilization of hydropower resources；low cost and high efficiency；Flexible operation；Hydroelectric power generation is basically free of environmental pollution；The construction cost of hydropower plant is on the high side and the construction period is relatively long.The construction and production of hydropower plants are restricted by various conditions, so the power generation will not be balanced.The construction of reservoir may destroy the ecological balance of nature to some extent.

This design is a preliminary design for the electrical part of 4 × 60MW hydroelectric power plant, in which the design of the main electrical connection part, the calculation of the short-circuit current, and the selection of the equipment of various electrical components are carried out. Distribution equipment and relay protection should be carefully designed, and part of the lightning protection planning. And the main wiring part and distribution equipment detailed drawings made out.

Key words: main relay protection safety and stability short circuit calculation and distribution design

目 录

摘要.....................................................Ⅰ

Abstract..................................................................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪论...............................................1

1.1 水利发电的背景及意义.........................................1

1.2 国内外发展现状...............................................1

1.3 原始资料.....................................................2

1.4 主要研究内容.................................................2

第二章 电气主接线设计...........................................5

2.1 主接线的概述.................................................5

2.2 主接线的设计原则.............................................6

2.3 主接线的方案选择.............................................7

2.4 发电机主变及厂用变选择......................................10

2.5 厂用电设计..................................................13

第三章 短路电流计算.............................................14

3.1 短路电流计算意义............................................14

3.2 短路电流计算的方法..........................................14

3.3 短路电流计算................................................16

第四章 导体及电气设备的选型...................................19

4.1 导体及电气设备选型的概述....................................19

4.2 导体的选择及校验............................................19

4.3 电气设备的选择..............................................21

第五章 配电装置设计.............................................29

5.1 配电装置设计概述............................................29

5.2 配电装置设计................................................32

第六章 继电保护装置设计及防雷规划............................35

6.1 继电保护装置设计...........................................35

6.2 发电厂防雷设计意义.........................................38

6.3防雷设计....................................................38

结束语...........................................................39

参考文献.........................................................40

致谢..............................................................42

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