论文总字数：28060字

摘 要

从人类社会进入第三次工业革命开始，环境与能源问题受到全世界各国的广泛关注。而不管是科技还是经济甚至是现代人最基本的生存都离不开电力的供应。作为传统发电方式的不可再生的化石能源越来越少，污染气体越来越多，全球变暖日趋严重。这些问题使得人们将更多的目光投向较为容易获得的一些可再生能源。风电能源作为一种容易获得的无污染的可再生能源得到了世界各国的广泛运用。但由于风力的不确定性与波动性，容易导致电网系统跟着波动，这很容易导致很大的安全性问题与效益问题，所以风电场出力的稳定性与经济性成为风电发展的重要研究方向。本文使用储能系统与风电机组联合出力来达到平衡负载需求的目的。针对风电场的储能系统，本文重点进行了以下研究。

为了避免储能系统过负荷和输出功率不足以满足负载需求这些情况的发生，本文提供了一种调供储能系统与风电联合输出的方法。在负载需求功率已知的情况下，提出在风电波动情况下，储能系统该如何确定自己的额定参数，比如最小容量，额定充电功率，额定输出功率。通过实时调整储能系统的充/放电功率来达到使其荷电状态（SOC）被限定在额定容量之下，但又不至于不足以供应负载需求。这种方法适合各种储能系统，从最简单的蓄电池，到抽水蓄能系统都可以应用。

为了协调风电机组并入电网运行，并降低区域电网调度的成本，本文设计了一种储能系统与风电系统图配合来满足区域差额的策略。以储能系统的充放电限制为约束，以区域内调度成本最低为优化目标，设计了一套优化供电系统供电成本的目标函数，并在GAMS平台下编写了一个程序来得到既能满足负载需求又能使区域电网调度的成本最小的调度方式，通过两个算例，验证程序可行性，并为储能系统的功率与容量配置设定了最小值。

关键词：风力发电 储能系统 联合出力 优化配置

Optimal configuration of wind farm energy storage system

Abstract

Since the human society entered the third industrial revolution, the environmental and energy problems have been widely concerned by countries all over the world. And whether it is technology or economy or even the most basic survival of modern people are inseparable from the supply of electricity. As a traditional way of power generation, the non-renewable fossil energy is less and less, the pollution gas is more and more, and the global warming is more and more serious. These problems have led to more attention being paid to some of the more readily available renewable sources of energy. Wind power, as an easily available pollution-free renewable energy, has been widely used all over the world. However, due to the uncertainty and volatility of wind power, it is easy to cause the power grid system to follow the fluctuation, which is easy to lead to a lot of safety problems and efficiency problems, so the stability and economy of wind farm output has become an important research direction of wind power development. In this paper, the energy storage system and the wind turbine are combined to achieve the goal of balancing the load demand. For the wind farm energy storage system, this paper focuses on the following research.

In order to avoid the occurrence that the energy storage system is overloaded and the output power is insufficient to meet the load demand, this paper provides a method of combined output of the energy storage system and wind power. In the case of known load demand power, this paper proposes how to determine the rated parameters of the energy storage system, such as minimum capacity, rated charging power and rated output power, in case of wind power fluctuation. The charge/discharge power of the energy storage system can be adjusted in real time to make its SOC below the rated capacity, but not insufficient to supply the load demand. This method is suitable for all kinds of energy storage systems, from the simplest battery, to pumped storage systems can be applied.

In order to coordinate the operation of wind power units into the power grid and reduce the cost of regional power grid scheduling, this paper designs a strategy of matching the energy storage system with the wind power system diagram to meet the regional margin. Energy storage system of the charge and discharge limits as constraints, regional scheduling cost minimum as the optimization goal, using particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithm, design a set of optimization objective function of the power supply system power supply cost, and borrow the GAMS. Write a program to get both can satisfy the load demand and keep the minimized cost of regional power grid scheduling scheduling mode, through a numerical example, the feasibility validation program, and for the power and energy storage system capacity configuration set a minimum value.

Keywords：Wind power generation，Energy storage system，The joint output，Optimizing the allocation

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 课题研究背景介绍………………………………………………………………1

1.2 课课题研究方向的现状与未来发展……………………………………………1

1.1.1 风力发电的现状及前景……………………………………………………1

1.1.2 研究现状……………………………………………………………………4

1.3 本章小结…………………………………………………………………………5

第二章 ESS配置方式……………………………………………………………6

2.1 风力涡轮机一次调频备用方法………………………………………………6

2.1.1 风力涡轮机比例缩减策略的原理…………………………………………6

2.1.2 一次调频备用要求………………………………………………………6

2.1.3 风减量利用率的评估………………………………………………………7

2.1 ESS的容量配置方法……………………………………………………………8

2.2.1 ESS的控制策略……………………………………………………………8

2.2.2 ESS的额定参数配置方法…………………………………………………12

2.3本章小结…………………………………………………………………………13

第三章 算法与软件研究…………………………………………………………14

3.1 通用数学模型系统（GAMS）……………………………………………………14

3.2.1 GAMS简介…………………………………………………………………14

3.2.2 数学模型的建立……………………………………………………14

3.2 QCP问题与CONOPT3求解器的算法研究 ……………………………………14

3.2.1 二次约束规划（QCP）问题………………………………………………14

3.2.2 CONOPT算法……………………………………………………15

3.3 本章小结…………………………………………………………………………16

第四章 算例分析……………………………………………………………………18

4.1 背景………………………………………………………………………………18

4.2 参数设置…………………………………………………………………………18

4.2.1 热点机组参数……………………………………………………18

4.2.2 储能系统基本参数………………………………………………………18

4.2 两种分析方式……………………………………………………………………18

4.2.2 短周期分析………………………………………………………18

4.2.2 长周期分析………………………………………………………26

4.3 本章小结…………………………………………………………………28

第五章 结论与期望…………………………………………………………………29

5.1 全文总结…………………………………………………………………………29

5.2 期望与前景展望…………………………………………………………………29

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………31

结语与致谢……………………………………………………………………33

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