摘 要

不间断电源是一种高效安全的供电装置，它能给用电设备提供连续的电力供应，从而保证用电设备能安全可靠的运行。同时，对电网上波动的电压在一定程度上起到稳压作用，对系统供电过压、欠压等异常状况都提供了保护，因此用电设备的电能供应更加稳定、可靠。在很多领域都开始普遍使用不间断电源进行供电，甚至已经成为标配。从供电方式看，不间断电源分为交流和直流两种，本文主要对直流不间断电源的性能进行研究。

传统的直流双电源多基于动态开关设计，切换时间慢、切换效果不佳。基于静态开关的双电源系统在电网出现供电故障时，开关转换时间很短，其负载电能供应平滑稳定，被广泛地应用于工业设备、通信系统、医疗设备等关键性负载供电系统中。

本文首先简要介绍了三种直流双电源切换装置的整体设计方案。第一种是基于继电器开关设计的主电路拓扑，其成本低、驱动电路简单但开关速度慢；第二种是基于静态开关设计的主电路拓扑，其成本较低、开关速度快、性能较好；第三种是基于直流稳压电源设计的主电路拓扑，其性能最好但成本较高。

接着研究了基于静态开关设计的功能完备、性能优异的全数字化控制的直流双电源切换装置，由于传统的数字动态性能差、控制灵活度低等缺点，本文引入DSP芯片控制，它结合了控制调节速度快和控制性能好的优点，将其应用到控制系统中，提高了输出性能。

根据直流双电源切换装置的功能要求，设计了硬件电路；根据功能要求设计了系统的各个功能模块的软件流程，给出了程序流程图。并运用对所涉及到的DSP芯片控制原理进行简单分析，并通过实验对部分系统功能进行验证。通过实验验证系统设计的合理性，即理论上各项性能指标和功能均能达到了预期的目标。

关键词：不间断电源；静态开关；DSP

Abstract

Uninterruptible power supply is a safe and efficient power conversion device that provide electrical equipment with a continuous supply of electricity, to ensure electrical equipment of safe and reliable operation. Meanwhile, it plays the role of regulator in filtering voltage fluctuations from the power line to some extent , and excessive voltage and low voltage protection are provided to further enhance the safety and reliability of electrical equipment. The wide range of applications of UPS in many areas has become the standard configuration.窗体顶端

This paper mainly studies switching time and performance of DC dual power. In the event of a power grid failure, the static switch-based dual power system which switching time is very short, and that provides smooth and stable supply of electric power load , is widely used in critical load power supply system,such as the power systems’ secondary circuit contactor control circuits, communication systems, medical equipment . Traditional DC dual power based on dynamic multi-switch design,which switching time is slow,provides poor transitions. From the power supply, the uninterruptible power supply into the performance of both AC and DC.In this paper, the DC UPS were studied.

窗体顶端

Traditional DC dual power based on dynamic multi-switch design, the switching time is slow, poor transitions. Static switch dual power supply system when the grid-based failure occurs ,which switching time is very short, the load power supply smooth and stable,is widely used in industrial equipment, communication systems, medical equipment and other critical load power supply system.

This paper briefly introduces three DC dual power switching device overall design. The first is based on the main circuit topology relay switch design, low cost, simple drive circuit switching speed but slow; the second is based on the main circuit topology static switch design, low cost, fast switching speed, better performance ; third is based on the design of the DC power supply main circuit topology, its best performance but the cost is high.

窗体顶端

窗体底端

Then study the DC dual power switching devices based on static switch design full-featured, high-performance digital control, since the difference between the traditional digital dynamic performance, control flexibility and low defects, this paper introduces DSP chip control, which combines the control and regulation speed control and performance advantages, its application to the control system to improve the output performance and experimental verification of some system functions. Rationality, that is theoretically the performance and functionality through experimental verification system design can achieve the desired objectives.

Keywords: Uninterruptible Power Supplies；Static Switch；DSP

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1

1.3本文研究内容 3

第2章 拓扑方案对比及选择 4

2.1 基于继电器切换方式的方案 4

2.1.1主电路拓扑结构及其性能分析 4

2.2 基于静态开关切换方式的方案 4

2.2.1主电路拓扑结构及性能分析 4

2.3 基于直流稳压电源方案 5

2.4 方案对比选择 6

2.5 本章小结 6

第3章 系统硬件设计 7

3.1 系统总体硬件设计 7

3.2 主电路设计 8

3.3 检测电路设计 9

3.4 驱动电路设计 11

3.5硬件限流电路设计 11

3.6 通讯电路设计 12

3.7 面板指示单元设计 13

第4章 软件设计 14

4.1电量采样软件设计 15

4.2系统保护软件设计 16

4.3切换逻辑软件设计 17

4.4面板显示软件设计 18

4.5对外通讯软件设计 19

第5章 实验结果 21

5.1实验步骤 21

5.2实验结果记录及分析 21

第6章 全文总结 24

参考文献 25

致谢 27

第1章 绪论

1.1课题研究背景及意义

电力系统中，根据对供电可靠性的要求不同将负荷分为一级负荷、二级负荷、三级负荷。一级负荷是指保证电源不间断供电的负荷，这种负荷断电可能对用电端的人身安全、经济利益造成严重威胁，比如医院、钢铁厂、石油提炼厂等；二级负荷即对政治、经济和社会秩序有较大影响的负荷，一般一级负荷和二级负荷都采用双电源供电系统，比如柴油发电机组、整流逆变装置（简称EPS）。供电可靠性对国民经济的正常运行起着重要的作用，不同的用电场所和用电需要对双电源设计的要求不同，因此我们需要根据输入电源、输入电源的指标、切换时间和对电路保护的要求设计出一种双电源切换装置来满足指定用户的需求。

UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply)，即不间断供电电源，UPS在主回路正常供电时，可看作是一个稳压器，提升了供电质量，当主电路发生故障，供电异常时，UPS将会切换到备用电源供电，保证了负载的正常供电。