论文总字数：24851字

摘 要

随着我国国力发展，综合实力增强，基础建设能力日益突出，基建地基开挖工程也越来越多，地基的高度也越来越深，安全测量要求相对增加且更为严格。基坑工程施工带有一定盲目性，基坑本身的复杂性及外界因素的影响又导致事故风险增加。因此对单个基坑的研究，制定合理的监测方案尤为重要。本设计根据国家及地方标准为某深基坑制定合适的变形监测方案，并对其监测数据进行处理分析。设计深基坑工期整个方案流程。

首先根据基坑施工的复杂环境对基坑监测的必要性、发展、和研究现状进行了介绍。自上世纪50年代以来，我国的基坑监测技术不断发展，从监测项目、点位埋设、监测方法以及监测数据的分析处理等不断深化认识和研究，已形成较为完整的体系，国家大剧院采用FLAC数值分析技术、袁金荣等运用神经网络多步预测方法制作的预测器预测基坑变形情况等显示我国基坑监测技术达到一定水平。

其次本文参考相关规范对基坑等级的确定、基坑监测范围、监测周期及监测频率等进行叙述，为后面监测方案设计提供依据。一般基坑监测范围在其深度的2到3倍距离内，监测周期按深度及等级设定，监测期间应对基坑及周边进行一定频率的巡视。

此次设计根据某深基坑的工程及周边情况对其进行变形监测方案设计，设计监测项目包括坡顶、桩顶横向变形量、高度差值、支撑轴承担的力量、锚索内部负载的力量、土体内部深层横向变形量、基坑外水的高度及周围环境安全性测量方法与点位布设。该工程各项目共布设点位85个，采用仪器包括拓普康全站仪、天宝电子水准仪等。

另外我结合某深基坑监测所得数据进行数据的总体变形分析。该工程各项目监测数据中，共监测数据77期，涉及桩顶、桩体水平及竖向位移，支撑轴力、地下水位、等。根据数据分析结果得到所有项目中累计变形量及变形速率均未超过报警值。

最后依据本设计内容，在基坑安全监测、基坑周边环境、施工场地勘察对基坑监测的影响等得出一些结论。对本设计及相关技术等提出一些展望。

关键词： 深基坑 变形监测 点位布设 数据分析

Design and data analysis of a deep foundation pit engineering monitoring scheme

Abstract

With the development of China's national strength, the comprehensive strength has been enhanced, the capacity of infrastructure construction has become increasingly prominent, the excavation of infrastructure foundation has become more and more, the height of foundation has become more and more deep, and the requirements of safety measurement have been relatively increased and more stringent. The construction of foundation pit has certain blindness. The complexity of foundation pit itself and the influence of external factors lead to the increase of accident risk. Therefore, it is very important to make a reasonable monitoring plan for the study of a single foundation pit. According to the national and local standards, this design makes a suitable deformation monitoring scheme for a deep foundation pit, and analyzes the monitoring data. Design the whole process of deep foundation pit construction period. Firstly, according to the complex environment of foundation pit construction, the necessity, development and research status of foundation pit monitoring are introduced. Since the 1950s, the foundation pit monitoring technology in China has been developing continuously. From the monitoring project, point burying, monitoring method and analysis and processing of monitoring data, a relatively complete system has been formed. The national theater uses FLAC numerical analysis technology, Yuan Jinrong and other predictors made by neural network multi-step prediction method to predict the deformation of foundation pit The condition shows that the monitoring technology of foundation pit in China has reached a certain level. Secondly, this paper describes the determination of foundation pit grade, monitoring range, monitoring cycle and monitoring frequency with reference to relevant specifications, which provides the basis for the later monitoring scheme design. Generally, the monitoring range of the foundation pit is within 2-3 times of its depth, and the monitoring cycle is set according to the depth and grade. During the monitoring period, the foundation pit and its surroundings shall be inspected at a certain frequency. In this design, the deformation monitoring scheme is designed according to the engineering and surrounding conditions of a deep foundation pit. The design monitoring items include the lateral deformation amount of the slope top and pile top, the height difference, the force borne by the supporting shaft, the force of the internal load of the anchor cable, the lateral deformation amount of the internal deep layer of the soil, the height of the external water of the foundation pit and the measurement method and point layout of the surrounding environmental safety. There are 85 points in the project, including TOPCON total station, Tianbao electronic level, etc. In addition, I combined with the monitoring data of a deep foundation pit to analyze the overall deformation of the data. Among the monitoring data of each project of the project, there are 77 periods of monitoring data, involving horizontal and vertical displacement of pile top and pile body, supporting axial force, groundwater level, etc. According to the data analysis results, the accumulated deformation amount and deformation rate of all items are not more than the alarm value. Finally, according to the content of this design, some conclusions are drawn in the foundation pit safety monitoring, the surrounding environment of the foundation pit, the influence of the construction site survey on the foundation pit monitoring. Some prospects for the design and related technologies are put forward.

Key words: Deep foundation pit Deformation monitoring Point layout Data analysis

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1前言 1

1.2基坑监测的发展 1

1.3国内研究现状 1

第二章 基坑监测的内容及要求 4

2.1基坑变形监测的目的 4

2.2 监测范围 4

2.3基坑监测等级的确定 4

2.4监测项目 4

2.5监测频率及周期 4

2.5.1监测频率 4

2.5.2现场巡查频率及周期 5

2.5.3特殊情况下频率调整原则 5

第三章 某深基坑变形监测方案设计 7

3.1概述 7

3.1.1基坑概况 7

3.1.2施工土地情况与水文情况 7

3.2编制依据 10

3.2.1 编制依据 10

3.2.2 基准网精度设计 10

3.3基坑工程基准网布设与测量 11

3.3.1 横向变形基准网布设与测量 11

3.3.2 垂直位移基准网布设与测量 13

3.4点位布设与埋设方法 14

3.4.1坡顶、桩顶横向及纵向偏移观测点布设 14

3.4.2支撑轴力监测点布设 15

3.4.3锚索内力监测点布设 16

3.4.4土体深层水平位移监测点布设 17

3.4.5坑外潜水位监测点布设 18

3.4.6周边道路监测点布设 19

3.4.7建筑物沉降监测点布设 19

3.4.8立柱竖向位移监测点布设 20

3.4.9监测点数量统计表 22

3.5 监测作业方法 22

3.5.1桩（坡）顶水平位移监测 22

3.5.2 桩（坡）顶竖向位移监测 23

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