论文总字数：30079字

摘 要

随着我国经济的高速发展，各种新能源不断地出现，但是对煤炭需求依然很高。而煤炭自燃作为我国煤矿的主要自然灾害之一，不仅威胁着煤矿工人的生命安全，还会烧毁煤炭资源和井下设备，导致巨大的经济损失和环境污染。为了防治煤炭自燃发火，海内外广泛使用注凝胶、阻化剂、灌水等防灭火技术。虽然这些技术在一定程度上保证了煤炭的安全生产，但还是存在一些不足。本文以注水、灌浆、注惰气等防灭火技术为基础，提出由粉煤灰、水和空气组成的三相泡沫防灭火技术。三相泡沫克服了注水、灌浆、注惰气泡沫等防灭火技术的缺点，继承了它们的长处。另外，三相泡沫能够降低采空区的或按灾隐患，防治巷道高冒火灾，扑灭高位火源或隐藏在采空区的火源，缓解开采工作面的煤炭自燃问题。本文首先通过实验和理论研究，简要地分析三相泡沫的形成机理、稳定性以及稳定性的影响因素。然后，选择多种发泡剂进行发泡实验，最终研制出具有良好发泡性能、安全环保的复配发泡剂。三相泡沫的应用能有效地防治煤炭自燃，提高我国煤矿行业的安全水平，保护煤矿开采工作者的生命安全，促进我国煤炭行业的发展与进步。

关键词：煤矿火灾 三相泡沫 复配发泡剂

Research and Development of coal mines using foam fire extinguishing material

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's economy, a variety of new energy sources continue to appear. But the demand for coal remains high. Coal spontaneous combustion, as one of the main natural disasters in coal mine, not only threatens the safety of coal miners' lives, but also can burn down the coal resources and underground equipment, resulting in huge economic losses and environmental pollution. In order to prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of coal, the technology of grouting, spraying inhibitor and injecting gel are widely used at home and abroad. While these techniques are successful in ensuring the safety of coal production, but there is still a certain degree of deficiency. Based on the technology of grouting, inhibitor agent spraying and gel injection, three-phase foam, an anti-fire material, was presented. Three –phase foam can be divided into three parts. They are ash, air and water. It takes full advantage of the anti-fire properties of these three substances. It also reduces the possibility of coal mine fires. Three phase foam is made up of three parts, which are fly ash, air and water. In this paper, firstly, the formation mechanism, stability and the influence factors of three-phase foam are analyzed by experiments and theoretical studies. Of course, in order to produce a compound foaming agent which is great performance, safety and environmental protection, a variety of foaming agents are used for foaming experiments. Three phase foam can not only control coal mine fire effectively, but also improve the safety situation of coal industry in our country. Finally, the most critical thing is that the application of three-phase foam can protect coal mine workers from the threat of coal mine fire, improving the development of the coal industry in the country of China.

Key Word: Coal mine fire; Three-phase foam; Compound foaming agent

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 引言…………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 文献综述……………………………………………………………………3

1.2.1 其他防灭火技术的优缺点…………………………………………4

1.2.2 三相泡沫防灭火材料的研究现状…………………………………7

1.3 研究的目标与主要内容…………………………………………………10

1.3.1 研究目标…………………………………………………………10

1.2.2 研究内容…………………………………………………………11

1.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………11

第二章 三相泡沫的成分特性………………………………………………12

2.1固相成分…………………………………………………………………12

2.1.1 固相成分的颗粒度大小…………………………………………12

2.1.2 固相成分的物相组成……………………………………………12

2.1.3 固相成分的化学组成……………………………………………13

2.1.4 固相成分的显微结构……………………………………………13

2.2 液相成分…………………………………………………………………16

2.3 气相成分…………………………………………………………………17

2.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………17

第三章 三相泡沫的形成机理及稳定性的影响因素…………………19

3.1三相泡沫的形成机理……………………………………………………19

3.2三相泡沫的形成过程……………………………………………………21

3.3三相泡沫的稳定性分析…………………………………………………22

3.4三相泡沫稳定性的影响因素……………………………………………23

3.5本章小结…………………………………………………………………24

第四章 三相泡沫制备实验…………………………………………………26

4.1发泡剂性能的评价方法…………………………………………………26

4.2 发泡剂的性质与三相泡沫的关系………………………………………29

4.2.1 种类………………………………………………………………29

4.2.2 相对分子质量与分子结构………………………………………29

4.2.3 表面张力…………………………………………………………29

4.2.4 临界胶束浓度……………………………………………………29

4.2.5 HLB值……………………………………………………………30

4.3 三相泡沫的制备实验与结果分析………………………………………31

4.3.1 实验准备…………………………………………………………31

4.3.2 单一发泡剂实验结果……………………………………………32

4.3.3 复配发泡剂实验结果与分析……………………………………33

4.3.4 稳泡剂浓度对三相泡沫性能的影响……………………………36

4.4 本章小结…………………………………………………………………38

第五章 三相泡沫现场制备实验……………………………………………39

5.1实验制备流程……………………………………………………………39

5.2实验装置…………………………………………………………………39

5.3实验效果…………………………………………………………………41

5.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………44

第六章 结语……………………………………………………………………45

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………46

致谢………………………………………………………………………………49

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