论文总字数：19116字

摘 要

7075铝合金是一款新型铝合金，在当今机械加工中起着非常重要的作用，它的特点有强度高、机械性能优秀、较好的使用性、比较方便加工、耐磨性良好等，因此在航空航天、模具加工、机械设备等领域被广泛应用，特别适合用于制造光学瞄准镜的镜身及其他需要较高的强度、较强的抗腐蚀性能的设备中。由于此类产品对加工要求高，故在此后的加工中面临着许多工艺方面的难题。

为了保证加工精度与加工质量，其加工工艺与刀具参数的优化就显得极为重要。对于7075铝合金这种高塑性材料来说，车削加工中容易产生积屑，即在狭小的空间瞬间充满未折断的切屑，切屑堆积在车刀前与加工材料表面，不仅对加工表面的精度与质量产生严重影响，还容易对刀具产生一定的损坏，在加工过程中产生的经济损失非常巨大。因此，良好的加工工艺和合适的刀具断屑槽便显得尤为重要。

本文通过更改加工过程参数和更改刀具几何形状来使切屑更容易断裂以便排出，基于AdvantEdge FEM软件对加工过程进行2D模拟仿真，在设定好参数的情况下，对每一个仿真做出必要的分析，针对不同参数做对比实验，从而得到最适合断屑的工艺参数。另外通过AutoCAD软件设计刀具的几何形状，将断屑槽、前角、后角、切削刃和刀尖半径表示出来，然后导入到AdvantEdge FEM中进行仿真。

首先对刀具进行设计，通过阅读论文可知弧形断屑槽最容易使切屑断裂，然后设计弧形半径，根据材料产生切屑的特点来确定半径，以保证在切屑在一定的弯曲状态下可以折断。切屑的特点可以先从无断屑条件的情况下去判断。

设计好刀具与备用刀具后，分别投入实验，在加工过程中，在改变进给量、背吃刀量、切削速度的情况下得到一个最合适的工艺。

关键词：7075铝合金、有限元模拟、刀具、断屑槽、断屑

Abstract

7075 aluminum alloy is a new type of aluminum alloy in the current chip processing. Its characteristics are high strength, excellent mechanical properties, good usability, relatively easy processing, and good wear resistance. It is widely used in equipment and other fields, and is particularly suitable for the manufacture of optical sights and other equipment that requires high strength and strong corrosion resistance. It has become the material of choice for military and civil aircraft [1,2] . Because the body parts of the optical sight are thin aluminum alloy parts, which have the characteristics of high processing accuracy and easy processing and deformation, they are faced with many difficulties in the machining process in the subsequent cutting process.

In order to ensure the machining accuracy and machining quality, the optimization of machining technology and tool parameters is extremely important. For 7075 aluminum alloy, a highly plastic material, it is easy to produce chips during turning, that is, a small space is filled with unbroken chips instantly. The chips accumulate in front of the turning tool and the surface of the processed material. The quality has a serious impact, and it is also easy to cause certain damage to the tool, and the economic loss during the processing is very huge. Therefore, a good machining process and a suitable tool chipbreaker are particularly important.

In this paper, by changing the process parameters and changing the tool geometry to make the chips easier to break for discharge, based on AdvantEdge FEM software, the process is simulated in 2D, and the necessary analysis is made for each simulation with the parameters set ， Contrast experiment with different parameters to get the most suitable process parameters for chip breaking. In addition, the geometry of the tool is designed through AutoCAD software, and the chipbreaker, rake angle, rake angle, cutting edge and tip radius are displayed, and then imported into AdvantEdge FEM for simulation.

Firstly, design the cutting tool. After reading the paper, we can see that the arc-shaped chipbreaker is the easiest to break the chip. Then, design the arc radius and determine the radius according to the characteristics of the chip generated by the material to ensure that the chip can be broken under a certain bending state. The characteristics of the chip can be judged from the condition without chip breaking.

After designing the tool and the spare tool, put them into the experiment separately. In the process of processing, the most suitable process is obtained under the condition of changing the feed amount, back-feeding amount and cutting speed.

Keywords: 7075 aluminum alloy, Finite element simulation, tool, chip breaker, chip breaking

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1论文研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.3研究目的及意义 3

1.4论文研究思路与内容 4

1.5 本章小结 4

第二章 金属断屑机理分析 6

2.1 切屑变形理论 6

2.2 切屑成形理论 7

2.3 本章小结 8

第三章 无断屑条件情况研究 9

3.1 AdvantEdge FEM 9

3.1.1AdvantEdge FEM的特点 9

3.1.2相关功能及操作介绍 10

3.2 无断屑条件下断屑仿真 11

3.3 无断屑条件下切削仿真过程 13

3.3.1 刀具前角5°无断屑切削仿真 13

3.3.2 刀具前角10°无断屑切削仿真 14

3.4 刀具的初步几何设计 15

3.5 本章小结 15

第四章 有断屑条件下仿真切削 16

4.1 控制进给量进行对比试验 16

4.2 控制切削速度进行对比实验 18

4.3 控制背吃刀量进行对比试验 19

4.4 本章小结 21

第五章 总结与展望 23

5.1 本文所获得主要的结论 23

5.2 研究展望 24

第六章 经济性分析 26

致谢 27

参考文献 28

第一章 绪论

1.1论文研究背景

7075铝合金是一款新型铝合金，在当今机械加工中起着非常重要的作用，它的特点有强度高、机械性能优秀、较好的使用性、比较方便加工、耐磨性良好等，因此在航空航天、模具加工、机械设备等领域被广泛应用，特别适合用于制造光学瞄准镜的镜身及其他需要较高的强度、较强的抗腐蚀性能的设备中。由于此类产品对加工要求高，故在此后的加工中面临着许多工艺方面的难题。

为了保证加工精度与加工质量，其加工工艺与刀具参数的优化就显得极为重要。对于7075铝合金这种高塑性材料来说，车削加工中容易产生积屑，即在狭小的空间瞬间充满未折断的切屑，切屑堆积在车刀前与加工材料表面，不仅对加工表面的精度与质量产生严重影响，还容易对刀具产生一定的损坏，在加工过程中产生的经济损失非常巨大。因此，良好的加工工艺和合适的刀具断屑槽便显得尤为重要。

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