论文总字数：23560字

摘 要

侵彻问题的研究不但应用于军事领域，在航空航天和很多民用领域也发挥越来越重要的作用。加强对侵彻过程的研究、加深对侵彻过程的了解，具有重要的现实意义。侵彻研究主要有三种方法，最传统的是实验研究方法和理论分析方法，随着计算机技术的发展，通过有限元软件进行数值模拟的方法也被越来越多的研究者所使用。本文使用有限元软件Abaqus，通过建立模型，对子弹侵彻钢板的过程进行仿真模拟。

分析了子弹侵彻过程中的能量转化。结合能量曲线和子弹侵彻的过程，得出了子弹侵彻钢板伴随着能量的转化，子弹的动能分别转化为非弹性碰撞耗能、冲塞剪切耗能和塞块的动能。

研究了平头弹、球头弹和尖头弹侵彻钢板的弹道极限和剩余速度，发现了球头弹具有最小的弹道极限和最大的剩余速度，得出了球头弹击穿钢板能力最强的结论。研究了三种密度的子弹侵彻钢板的弹道极限和剩余速度，发现了子弹密度越大，其弹道极限越小，剩余速度越大，得出了子弹密度越大，击穿钢板能力越强的结论。

研究了子弹侵彻过程中，钢板应力的情况，发现了三种形状的子弹侵彻时，钢板的最大应力都位于弹孔周边。分析了不同速度的子弹的临界击穿厚度，发现了子弹的速度越大，其临界穿透厚度越大。研究了不同密度的子弹的临界击穿厚度，发现了子弹的密度越大，其临界穿透厚度越大。研究了平头弹、球头弹和尖头弹的临界击穿厚度，发现了球头弹具有最大的厚度值，得到了球头弹的击穿能力最强。

关键词：枪弹；钢板；临界厚度；仿真分析

Abstract

The research of penetration is not only applied in military field, but also plays an increasingly important role in aerospace and many civil fields. It is of great practical significance to strengthen the study of the penetration process and deepen the understanding of the penetration process. With the development of computer technology, more and more researchers use the method of numerical simulation through finite element software. In this paper, the finite element software Abaqus is used to simulate the process of bullet penetrating steel plate.

The energy conversion in the process of bullet penetration is analyzed. Combined with the energy curve and the process of bullet penetration, it is concluded that the kinetic energy of bullet penetration into steel plate is transformed into the energy of inelastic collision, plug shear and plug block, respectively.

In this paper, the ballistic limit and residual velocity of flat, ball and point projectile penetrating steel plate are studied. It is found that the ball projectile has the minimum ballistic limit and the maximum residual velocity, and the conclusion is that the ball projectile has the strongest ability to penetrate steel plate. The ballistic limit and residual velocity of three kinds of density bullets penetrating steel plate are studied. It is found that the higher the bullet density is, the smaller the ballistic limit is, and the greater the residual velocity is. It is concluded that the higher the bullet density is, the stronger the ability of piercing steel plate is.

The stress of steel plate in the process of bullet penetration is studied. It is found that the maximum stress of steel plate is located around the bullet hole when three kinds of bullet penetrates. It is found that the larger the velocity is, the larger the critical penetration thickness is. It is found that the higher the density of the bullet is, the greater the critical penetration thickness is. The critical breakdown thicknesses of flat head, ball head and pointed head projectiles are studied. It is found that the ball head projectiles have the maximum thickness value, and the breakdown ability of the ball head projectiles is the strongest.

Key Words: bullet; steel plate; critical thickness; simulation analysis

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 4

1.1研究背景 4

1.2国内外研究成果 5

1.3研究意义 5

第二章 研究方案设计 6

2.1 Abaqus概述 6

2.2 本文研究方案设计 6

第三章 有限元模型建立 8

3.1 建立分析 8

3.1.1 建立部件 8

3.1.2 定义属性 8

3.1.3 装配 9

3.2 设置分析步 10

3.3 定义子弹和钢板的相互作用 10

3.4 固定钢板及为子弹设置初速度 11

3.5 网格划分 11

3.6 提交作业 12

第四章 子弹击穿钢板过程有限元仿真 14

4.1 子弹侵彻钢板过程中的能量转化 14

4.2 子弹弹道极限、剩余速度和钢板的应力 15

4.2.1 不同形状子弹的弹道极限和剩余速度 15

4.2.2 不同密度的子弹的弹道极限 17

4.2.3 子弹形状对钢板应力的影响 20

4.3 钢板的临界穿透厚度 23

4.3.1 不同初速度子弹的临界穿透厚度 23

4.3.2 不同密度子弹的临界穿透厚度 24

4.3.3 不同形状子弹的临界穿透厚度 25

第五章 总结与展望 27

5.1 总结 27

5.2展望 27

第六章 经济与环保 28

6.1 经济分析 28

6.1 安全与环保 28

参考文献 29

附录 数值分析模拟数据 31

致谢 35

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景

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