论文总字数：21832字

摘 要

现今，快速发展的社会需要的能源逐日增多。因此，就有了用天然气替换化石燃料当作新的汽车燃料的方法。而作为天然气汽车的必要部件之一的CNG气瓶，因天然气的危险性，气瓶的安全性就引起了人们的关注。本论文主要研究的就是在20MPa的工况下，全塑料车用CNG气瓶的有限元分析。

本论文针对课题做的工作及得出的结论如下：

（1）查阅文献和相关标准，了解CNG气瓶的发展、结构、分类，了解到国外对CNG气瓶的研究比国内早了几十年，国内外目前都在进行复合材料气瓶的研究。还知道了CNG气瓶的结构主要有内衬、纤维层等，类型有4种，本文研究的为第四类全复合材料气瓶。

（2）查阅资料，收集CNG气瓶事故案例，总结了气瓶主要的失效模式，确定了失效模式的影响因素。运用故障树分析的手段，对气瓶的失效模式进行了分析。最后绘制出了故障树图。

（3）确定了气瓶内胆和纤维材料。还有气瓶的结构尺寸。使用有限元分析的方法，建立气瓶模型。借助的有限元软件为ABAQUS。并且完成了一个完整的20MPa工况下的模型分析。对气瓶最容易失效的地方分析时，发现它的应力主要集中在圆柱段向封头过渡的区域，而这与实际相符。并且用第四强度理论对结果进行了校核。最后，强度校核通过。所以，可以说明设计的气瓶模型合格。

（4）为了分析不同缠绕角度、缠绕方式对气瓶承载能力的影响，采用了正交试验的方法。参考正交表，确定了9个试验方案，建立了9个有限元模型。然后，借助STATISTICA软件，对复合层应力进行了分析。得出缠绕厚度对气瓶承载能力的影响更大的结论。分析试验结果，还发现随着缠绕角度和缠绕厚度的增加，气瓶承载能力增强的结果。

关键词：故障树 有限元分析 缠绕角度 缠绕厚度 正交试验

Finite element analysis of CNG plastic cylinder under 20MPa

Abstract

Nowadays, the rapid development of society needs more energy day by day. Therefore, there is a way to replace fossil fuels with natural gas for new automotive fuels. CNG cylinders, as one of the necessary components of the natural gas car, the safety of the cylinder has aroused people's attention because of the risk of natural gas. The main research of this paper is the finite element analysis of plastic CNG cylinders for vehicles under the working condition of 20MPa.

The work and the conclusions of this paper for the subject are as follows:

(1) Refer to literature and related standards, we can know the development, structure and classification of CNG cylinders. We also know that foreigner study CNG cylinders several decades earlier than us. People both at home and abroad are currently in the study of composite gas cylinders. By the way, we know the structure of the CNG cylinders mainly includes liner, fiber layer. There are four types of the cylinders, and the research of this paper is the fourth type composite material cylinders.

(2) Access to literature, CNG cylinder accident cases are collected. The main failure mode of the cylinder is summarized. The factors of the failure mode are determined. The paper uses the means of fault tree analysis and analyses the failure mode of the cylinder. Finally the fault tree is drawn.

(3) The liner, fiber material and the structural size of the cylinder is determined. The paper uses the finite element analysis method. And it establishes the finite element model of the cylinder. The finite element software we used is ABAQUS. The whole analysis of the model is completed under the working condition of 20MPa. When analyzing the most likely failure of the cylinder, it was found that the stress of the cylinder was mainly concentrated in the area where the tube was transitioned to the head. And this is consistent with the fact. In the end, the paper checked the results with the fourth strength theory and the results were passed. Therefore, it can be said that the design of the cylinder model is qualified.

(4) In order to analyze the effects of different winding angles and winding modes on the bearing capacity of cylinders, the paper adopted orthogonal test method. Refer to the orthogonal table, nine experiment schemes were identified and nine finite element models were established. Then, with the help of the STATISTICA software, the stress of the composite layer is analyzed. It is concluded that the winding thickness has a greater impact on the bearing capacity of the cylinder. By analyzing the test results, we also found that with the increase of the winding angle and the winding thickness, the bearing capacity of the cylinder was enhanced.

Key Words: Fault tree; Finite element analysis; Winding angle; Winding thickness; Orthogonal test

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract III

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和研究意义 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究意义 1

1.2 国内外对CNG气瓶的研究 1

1.2.1 国外的研究状况 1

1.2.2 国内的研究状况 2

第二章 CNG气瓶 3

2.1 CNG气瓶的定义与分类 3

2.2 气瓶的基本结构 3

2.3 气瓶的结构设计 3

2.4 本章小结 5

第三章 气瓶失效模式分析 6

3.1 故障树分析 6

3.2 气瓶的失效模式 6

3.3 故障树分析图 7

3.4 本章小结 8

第四章 IV型气瓶的有限元应力分析 10

4.1 有限元法和软件概述 10

4.1.1 有限单元法 10

4.1.2 ABAQUS软件概述 10

4.2 全塑料气瓶的结构 11

4.2.1 气瓶内胆结构尺寸 11

4.2.2 气瓶复合层缠绕方式和缠绕角度 12

4.2.3 全塑料气瓶的主要技术参数 13

4.3 有限元模型的建立 15

4.4 计算结果分析 17

4.5 本章小结 19

第五章 气瓶复合层缠绕因素分析 20

5.1 正交试验 20

5.2 正交试验方案 20

5.3 结果分析 22

5.4 本章小结 33

第六章 经济性分析 34

第七章 结论 35

参考文献 36

致谢 38

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景和研究意义

1.1.1 研究背景

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