论文总字数：27003字

摘 要

本论文主要是针对换能器模型的建立、声场的分析以及选择最佳的换能器布阵方式开展的工作。以相对标准差来评价声场的均匀性，在超声波清洗和流化床的耦合的情况下，分析探讨换能器的最佳布阵方式，从而使得换能器符合工业应用的要求。本文主要从换能器布阵方式、间距以及频率三个主要方面分析声场均匀性，验证理论分析结果，从而选择换能器的排布。本文主要是采用Comsol Multiphysics建立模型，得到计算结果，再进行试验得到各个位置以及不同情况下相对应的云图和相对标准差，进行比较得到换能器布阵方式的最佳设计方案。对于换能器布阵方式的优化设计主要采用的是正交优化设计，本文的优化设计仅设定绝对声压的竖直截面的相对标准差来作为评价优化设计的唯一评价指标。在正交试验中主要考虑三个因素，分别是布阵距离、布阵方式和频率，每个因素对应三个水平，然后进行试验。试验表明，换能器的功率影响最大，是换能器的布阵参数的主要考虑因素，其余均为次要因素。优化后再对声场的均匀性进行分析，得到频率为40kHz、间距为50mm、矩形布阵的分布方式为最佳。

关键词：换能器；声场均匀性；Comsol Multiphysics；布阵方式；正交优化。

ABSTRACT

This thesis mainly focuses on the establishment of the transducer model, the analysis of the sound field and the selection of the best transducer array method. The relative standard deviation is used to evaluate the uniformity of the sound field. In the case of coupling of ultrasonic cleaning and fluidized bed, the optimal arrangement of the transducer is analyzed and discussed, so that the transducer meets the requirements of industrial applications. This article mainly analyzes the sound field uniformity from the three main aspects of transducer arrangement, spacing and frequency, and validates the theoretical analysis results, so as to select the arrangement of the transducer. This article mainly uses Comsol Multiphysics to build the model, get the calculation results, and then conduct experiments to obtain the corresponding cloud maps and relative standard deviations at various positions and in different situations, and compare to obtain the best design scheme of the transducer array. The optimization design of the transducer array method mainly adopts the orthogonal optimization design. The optimization design of this paper only sets the relative standard deviation of the vertical section of the absolute sound pressure as the only evaluation index for evaluating the optimization design. Three factors are mainly considered in the orthogonal test, which are array distance, array mode and frequency, and each factor corresponds to three levels, and then the experiment is conducted. Tests have shown that the power of the transducer is the most important, which is the main consideration for the array parameters of the transducer, and the rest are secondary factors. After optimization, the homogeneity of the sound field is analyzed, and it is obtained that the frequency is 40 kHz, the spacing is 50 mm, and the rectangular distribution pattern is the best.

KEYWORD: Transducer、Sound field uniformity、Comsol Multiphysics、Layout method、Orthogonal test

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT i

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 课题研究意义 1

1.3 超声波清洗技术应用现状 1

1.4 Comsol Multiphysics软件介绍 2

1.4.1 多物理场耦合建模 3

1.5 超声波声场模型 4

第二章 超声波换能器声场模型的建立 6

2.1 数值分析方法 6

2.2 声场均匀性评价指标与衰减模型 9

2.3 边界条件 10

2.4 单个换能器声场分析 11

2.5 本章小结 12

第三章 基于声场分布的换能器的布阵方式设计 15

3.1 频率对声场均匀性的影响 15

3.2 布阵方式对声场均匀性的影响 16

3.2.1 布阵方式对声强分布的影响 错误!未定义书签。

3.3 换能器间距对声场均匀性的影响 20

3.3.1 布阵间距对声强分布的影响 20

3.3.2 布阵间距对绝对压力分布的影响 21

3.4 不同频率下的声场均匀性的分析 22

3.4.1 频率对声场分布的影响 23

3.4.2 频率对声场均匀性的影响 24

3.5 本章小结 25

第四章 换能器布阵方式优化方式 27

4.1 正交优化设计 27

4.1.1 结构优化后的声场均匀性分析 28

4.2 本章小结 29

参考文献 33

致谢 36

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